【摘要】：寒區(qū)是我國重要的地理分區(qū)之一,我國一半的領(lǐng)土面積都可以劃入寒區(qū)。在俄羅斯凍土面積占陸地面積的65%,而劃入寒區(qū)的范疇則要更大。寒區(qū)地下水根據(jù)其水層位置與多年凍土層位置的關(guān)系分為凍結(jié)層上水、凍結(jié)層中水、凍結(jié)層下水。其中,凍結(jié)層上水由于距離地表最近,受到地表徑流、氣侯、人類活動的影響最大。雅庫茨克位于俄羅斯西伯利亞東北部近北極之地,是世界上坐落在多年凍土上最大的城市。本文對該地區(qū)地下水特征進行分析,分析得到一些結(jié)果,并得出薩哈共和國水文地質(zhì)圖、薩哈共和國地下水資源圖和薩哈共和國地熱圖三張圖。本文同時還闡述了多年凍土地區(qū)城市在日益發(fā)展的過程中,由于人類活動對地下水的不合理使用,所帶來的諸多問題,城市土壤鹽漬化、沼澤化、城市內(nèi)澇、凍土退化,及其對城市建設(shè)與發(fā)展產(chǎn)生的影響。提出根據(jù)多年凍土水分遷移的特性,凍結(jié)層上水形成、變化規(guī)律,建議在城市區(qū)域建立科學、有效的綜合排水系統(tǒng),來解決寒區(qū)城市所面臨的問題。
[Abstract]:Cold region is one of the important geographical zones in our country. Half of our territory can be divided into cold area. In Russia, permafrost accounts for 65% of the land area, while the area that is classified into the cold zone is even larger. According to the relationship between the water layer position and the permafrost position, groundwater in cold region can be divided into three parts: water in frozen layer, water in frozen layer and water in frozen layer. Among them, the water in the frozen layer is the most affected by surface runoff, climate and human activities due to its closest distance from the surface. Yakutsk is the largest city in the world on permafrost in northeast Siberia near the Arctic. In this paper, the characteristics of groundwater in this area are analyzed, some results are obtained, and three maps of hydrogeological map, groundwater resources map and geothermal map of Saha Republic are obtained. At the same time, in the process of development of cities in permafrost regions, many problems caused by the irrational use of groundwater by human activities, such as salinization of urban soil, marshalling, urban waterlogging, and degradation of frozen soil, are also described in this paper. And its impact on urban construction and development. According to the characteristics of water migration in permafrost, the formation and variation of water in frozen layer are proposed. It is suggested that a scientific and effective comprehensive drainage system should be established in urban areas to solve the problems faced by cities in cold regions.
【學位授予單位】：黑龍江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P641

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本文編號：2424159