發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-01-27 05:59

【摘要】：山脈的隆升與夷平無(wú)不與地表巖石的風(fēng)化剝蝕密切相關(guān),暴雨沖刷作用對(duì)山區(qū)巖石的風(fēng)化剝蝕至關(guān)重要。雨水順著傾斜的山坡迅速匯聚,形成湍急洪流,沖攜山坡上的砂礫與小石塊,對(duì)石坡上原先小幅度的洼凹之地或薄弱部位進(jìn)行機(jī)械性磨蝕與化學(xué)溶蝕,上述地質(zhì)過(guò)程不斷重復(fù),逐漸形成山坡壺穴。美國(guó)加州華斯克巨巖公園、澳大利亞中部大紅山以及中國(guó)北京西山的山坡壺穴都是暴雨流壺穴的典型例子�？上н^(guò)去一段時(shí)間里北京西山地區(qū)的山坡壺穴被誤認(rèn)為是"京西古道上騾馬驢踩出來(lái)的蹄坑",這樣解釋的前提條件是在數(shù)百年間、數(shù)以萬(wàn)計(jì)的騾馬驢不斷地踩進(jìn)同一處、且不斷加深的石頭蹄坑。動(dòng)物行為學(xué)研究表明,馬之類的動(dòng)物在行走過(guò)程中會(huì)本能地躲避踩進(jìn)較深(≥5~10 cm)的洼坑或水坑,以防扭傷蹄腕或折斷腿骨。世界上著名的鋪石古道上只見(jiàn)車轍痕不見(jiàn)馬蹄坑,亦是有力的證明。
[Abstract]:The uplift and flattening of mountain range are closely related to the weathering and denudation of surface rocks, and rainstorm erosion is of great importance to the weathering and denudation of rocks in mountainous areas. Rain Water quickly converged along the sloping hillside, forming a torrent of torrential water, carrying sand and gravel and small stones on the slope, and performing mechanical and chemical erosion on the original small depression or weak part of the rock slope. The geological processes described above were repeated and repeated. Gradually formed a cave in the hillside. California's Wask Giant Rock Park, the Red Mountains in central Australia and the Hillside Cave in West Mountain, Beijing, China are typical examples of torrential rain potholes. Unfortunately, in the past, the Hillside Kettle in the Xishan area of Beijing was mistaken for "a hoofhole trod out by mule and horse donkeys on the ancient road of Beijing." the prerequisite for such an explanation is that, over the centuries, tens of thousands of mule and horse donkeys have repeatedly stepped into the same place. And deepening stone hoofs. Animal behavior studies have shown that animals such as horses instinctively avoid stepping into deeper (鈮，

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