【摘要】：低孔低滲(特低孔特低滲)油氣藏在我國油氣資源中占有十分重要的地位,但目前勘探和開發(fā)技術(shù)上尚不完善。川東北元壩地區(qū)就是典型的低孔低滲透氣藏,現(xiàn)階段對于它的具體地質(zhì)特征仍不是十分清楚。近年來,四川東北元壩地區(qū)千佛崖組勘探取得了重大的進(jìn)展,表現(xiàn)出了良好的勘探前景。但是因為砂巖儲層近物源,埋藏深,后期又經(jīng)歷了廣泛而復(fù)雜的成巖作用,變得十分致密,對優(yōu)質(zhì)儲層的預(yù)測造成了困難。因此,本文以沉積學(xué)、儲層地質(zhì)學(xué)、測井地質(zhì)學(xué)、礦物巖石學(xué)、地球化學(xué)以及儲層綜合評價等理論方法為指導(dǎo),使用各種現(xiàn)代等測試手段,結(jié)合物性資料等,重點研究儲層和成巖作用等特征,并最終論述了影響儲層物性的各種因素,在此基礎(chǔ)上建立了儲層形成與演化模式。本區(qū)千佛崖組儲層巖石類型包括巖屑石英砂巖、長石巖屑砂巖、碳酸鹽巖屑砂巖、硅巖屑砂巖以及砂礫巖五種巖石類型。其中,巖屑石英砂巖成分成熟度中等偏低或中等偏高,結(jié)構(gòu)成熟度高或中等偏高;長石巖屑砂巖成分成熟度低,結(jié)構(gòu)成熟度中等;碳酸鹽巖屑砂巖成分成熟度低,結(jié)構(gòu)成熟度中等偏高;硅巖屑砂巖成分成熟度低,結(jié)構(gòu)成熟度低。碎屑組分以富巖屑、貧長石為特征,填隙物以碳酸鹽、硅質(zhì)和粘土礦物為主,巖屑以硅質(zhì)巖巖屑、碳酸鹽巖屑及變砂巖巖屑為主。本區(qū)千佛崖組儲層主要分布千二段、千三段。儲層總體以低孔低滲儲層為主�？紫抖确植挤秶鸀�1.07%~17.02%,平均4.017%,主要分布區(qū)間為2%~5%。滲透率分布范圍為0.001×10-3~1.51×10-3μm2,平均0.159×10-3μm2,主要分布區(qū)間為0.001×10-3~0.01×10-3μm2。儲層主要類型為孔隙-裂縫型,儲集空間類型按成因可分為剩余原生粒間孔、次生孔隙和洞、裂縫。次生孔隙可分為粒間溶孔、粒間微孔、粒內(nèi)溶孔、粒內(nèi)微孔、鑄�？准俺笕芸住１緟^(qū)儲層儲集類型以剩余原生粒間孔、粒間溶孔、粒間微孔、粒內(nèi)溶孔、裂縫為主要的儲集空間,多為小~微孔,面孔率低。元壩地區(qū)千佛崖組主要發(fā)育陸相三角洲前緣水下分流河道微相和淺湖-半深湖亞相,局部發(fā)育濱湖亞相,特別是在典型湖相區(qū)出現(xiàn)的砂巖明顯增厚的三角洲前緣沉積,更有利于油氣儲集。建立了三角洲平原-三角洲前緣-前三角洲-濱湖-淺湖-半深湖沉積演化模式。該區(qū)千佛崖組儲層成巖作用復(fù)雜。成巖作用對砂巖儲集性能具有深刻的影響。壓實作用是該區(qū)儲層孔隙破壞的主要因素,顆粒呈線到凹凸接觸;膠結(jié)作用進(jìn)一步加強了儲層的致密性,膠結(jié)物以硅質(zhì)、碳酸鹽和粘土礦物為主;溶解作用對儲層具有重要影響,較大程度提高了孔隙度和滲透率。研究區(qū)砂巖儲層已達(dá)到中成巖階段B期。儲層物性受成巖、沉積和構(gòu)造的多重因素共同控制。本論文系統(tǒng)總結(jié)了儲層物性的兩個重要控制因素,即沉積作用、成巖作用。沉積作用對儲層的影響實質(zhì)是對儲層巖石類型和結(jié)構(gòu)組分特征的影響,沉積體系決定了后期巖石的成巖作用類型和強度;成巖作用不僅影響儲層儲集空間的演化和孔喉結(jié)構(gòu)特征,并最終決定了儲層物性的好壞和現(xiàn)今儲層的分布狀況。通過前人的研究成果及大量測試分析數(shù)據(jù)得出本區(qū)成巖階段演化程度較高,總體處于中成巖B期,早成巖晚期和中成巖早期的溶蝕作用、中成巖晚期的破裂作用是儲層儲集性改善的重要作用。
[Abstract]:The low-porosity and low-permeability (low-permeability) oil-gas reservoir plays an important role in the oil and gas resources in China, but it is still not perfect at present. The northeast of Sichuan is the typical low-porosity and low-permeability gas reservoir, and it is still not clear at the present stage for its specific geological characteristics. In recent years, the exploration of the Qianfo Cliff Group in the northeast of Sichuan has made great progress, showing a good prospect of exploration. However, because of the near-material source, the burial depth and the late stage of the sandstone reservoir, it has undergone extensive and complicated diagenesis, so it becomes very dense, and it is difficult to predict the high-quality reservoir. Therefore, by using the methods of sedimentology, reservoir geology, logging geology, mineral petrology, geochemistry and comprehensive reservoir evaluation, this paper mainly studies the characteristics of reservoir and diagenesis by using various modern and other test methods, combining physical property data and so on. Finally, various factors that affect the physical property of the reservoir are discussed, and the formation and evolution model of the reservoir is established. The rock types of the Qianfo Cliff Formation in this area include five types of rock types, such as the rock debris quartz sandstone, the feldspar debris sandstone, the carbonate rock sandstone, the silicon rock debris sandstone and the glutenite. Among them, the maturity of the rock is low or the medium is high, the maturity of the structure is high or the middle is high, the maturity of the rock is low, the maturity of the structure is middle, the maturity of the carbonate rock sandstone is low, and the maturity of the structure is high; The composition of the silicon-cuttings sandstone is low in maturity and low in structure. The debris component is characterized by rich rock and feldspar, and the interstitial material is mainly composed of carbonate, siliceous and clay minerals, and the rock cuttings are mainly rock, rock, carbonate and sandstone. The reservoir of the Qianfo Cliff Formation in this area is mainly distributed in a thousand-second section and a thousand-third section. The reservoir is mainly low-porosity and low-permeability reservoir. The distribution of porosity is 1. 07% ~ 17. 02%, with an average of 4,017%, and the main distribution area is 2% ~ 5%. The distribution range of permeability is 0. 001-10-3-1.51-10-3. m u.m2, with an average of 0.159-10-3. m u.m2, and the main distribution area is 0. 001-10-3-0. 01-10-3. m The main types of the reservoir are the pore-fracture type, and the type of the reservoir space can be divided into the remaining primary and secondary pores, secondary pores and holes and cracks. The secondary pores can be divided into the inter-particle dissolving hole, the inter-particle micro-hole, the inner-particle dissolving hole, the intragranular micro-hole, the mold hole and the super-large dissolving hole. The reservoir types in this area are the remaining primary inter-grain pore, the inter-particle dissolution pore, the inter-particle micro-pores, the intragranular soluble pores, the fracture is the main reservoir space, the number is small to micro-pores, and the surface rate is low. The subfacies of the subfacies and the shallow lake-semi-deep lake subfacies of the subfacies of the continental delta and the subfacies of the shallow lake-semi-deep lake and the local development of the subfacies of the Binhu subfacies, in particular in the typical lake facies area, are more beneficial to the reservoir of oil and gas. The sedimentary evolution model of the delta plain-delta front-front-delta-Binhu-shallow lake-semi-deep lake was established. The reservoir diagenesis of the Qianfo Cliff Formation in this area is complicated. The diagenesis has a profound effect on the reservoir performance of the sandstone. The compaction effect is the main factor of the reservoir pore destruction, and the particles are in line to the concave and convex contact; the cementation effect further enhances the compactness of the reservoir, and the cement is mainly the siliceous, carbonate and clay minerals; the dissolution effect has an important influence on the reservoir, and the porosity and the permeability are improved to a greater extent. The sandstone reservoir in the study area has reached the middle diagenetic stage B. The physical properties of the reservoir are controlled by the multiple factors of diagenesis, deposition and construction. In this paper, two important control factors of reservoir physical property are summarized, that is, the diagenesis and diagenesis. The effect of the diagenesis on the reservoir is the influence of the reservoir rock type and the structural component, the sedimentary system determines the type and the strength of the diagenesis of the late rocks, and the diagenesis not only affects the evolution of the reservoir space and the structural characteristics of the pore, and finally determines the reservoir physical property and the distribution condition of the present reservoir. The late diagenetic stage of diagenetic stage, the early diagenetic stage and the early diagenetic stage of the diagenetic stage, the rupture of the late diagenetic stage is an important function of reservoir improvement.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P618.13

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