【摘要】：從河道類型的劃分、河床演變與河型轉(zhuǎn)換、河道沉積與河流砂體的建筑結(jié)構(gòu)要素、河漫灘沉積、季節(jié)性河流與分支河流體系、河流沉積相模式、河流沉積學(xué)研究技術(shù)與方法等方面對國內(nèi)外河流沉積模式的研究進(jìn)展進(jìn)行了綜述,認(rèn)為近十年來河流沉積學(xué)的理論和方法都發(fā)生了重要的變化。地貌學(xué)家、沉積學(xué)家和工程師認(rèn)識到河道形態(tài)是連續(xù)可變的,而不是只有4~40多個(gè)端點(diǎn)類型。河床的演變受河床比降、流量變幅、河岸沉積物粒度構(gòu)成、氣候、植被以及構(gòu)造沉降速率等多方面的影響。垂向剖面分析法難以對古河流類型做出正確的判斷,運(yùn)用建筑結(jié)構(gòu)要素分析法重建河道內(nèi)大型底形的地貌形態(tài)是河型判別和河流相模式重建的正確方法。河漫灘是河流沉積事件記錄最為齊全的部位,對河漫灘、天然堤和泛濫平原沉積層序的研究能夠揭示更多古河流沉積過程以及古環(huán)境、古氣候和古生物方面的信息。對季節(jié)性河流、受季風(fēng)強(qiáng)烈影響地區(qū)的河流、以及不同氣候帶河流所發(fā)育的獨(dú)特沉積構(gòu)造和建筑結(jié)構(gòu)要素的研究不斷增加。分支河流體系的概念得到越來越多的應(yīng)用,但也得到不少質(zhì)疑。我國學(xué)者應(yīng)當(dāng)注重對現(xiàn)代河流地貌形態(tài)和沉積過程的觀察,把河床演變學(xué)的定量方法與沉積學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)、理論和資料相結(jié)合,利用露頭、三維地震資料和探地雷達(dá)技術(shù)建立河流砂體內(nèi)部建筑結(jié)構(gòu)信息數(shù)據(jù)庫,加強(qiáng)對古河流河漫灘和泛濫平原的沉積過程、特征及其控制因素的研究,加強(qiáng)對不同構(gòu)造和氣候條件下河流沉積的差異性研究,不斷發(fā)展河流沉積學(xué)研究技術(shù),加強(qiáng)河流沉積學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室建設(shè)和研究隊(duì)伍建設(shè),加強(qiáng)國際交流與合作,使我國河流沉積學(xué)為國家經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展提供更加有力和有效的支撐,為推動(dòng)國際河流沉積學(xué)發(fā)展做出中國人自己的貢獻(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:From the classification of river channel type, river bed evolution and river type transformation, river channel sedimentation and river sand body building structure elements, flood flat deposit, seasonal river and branch river system, river sedimentary facies model, The research progress of fluvial sedimentary models at home and abroad is reviewed in this paper. It is considered that the theories and methods of fluvial sedimentology have changed greatly in recent ten years. Geomorphologists, sedimentologists and engineers recognize that river patterns are continuously variable rather than just more than 40 endpoints. The evolution of river bed is influenced by the ratio of river bed, the variation of flow rate, the grain size composition of riverbank sediment, climate, vegetation and tectonic subsidence rate. It is difficult to judge the ancient river type by vertical section analysis. It is the correct method to distinguish the river type and reconstruct the river facies model by using the building structure element analysis method to reconstruct the geomorphology of the large bottom shape in the river course. Floodplain is the most well-recorded part of river sedimentary events. The study of sediment sequence of floodplain, natural embankment and flood plain can reveal more information about paleofluvial deposition process, paleoclimate and paleontology. The study of seasonal rivers, rivers strongly affected by monsoons and the unique sedimentary structures and architectural elements developed by rivers in different climatic zones is increasing. The concept of branching river system has been applied more and more, but it has also been questioned. Chinese scholars should pay attention to the observation of the geomorphology and sedimentary process of modern rivers, combine the quantitative method of river bed evolution with the viewpoint, theory and data of sedimentology, and make use of outcrop. Three-dimensional seismic data and ground penetrating radar technology are used to establish the building structure information database of river sand body, to strengthen the study of sedimentary process, characteristics and controlling factors of ancient river floodplain and flood plain. To strengthen the research on the differences of fluvial sediments under different tectonic and climatic conditions, to continuously develop fluvial sedimentology research techniques, to strengthen the construction of fluvial sedimentology laboratories and research teams, and to strengthen international exchanges and cooperation, The river sedimentology in China can provide more powerful and effective support for the development of national economy and society, and make Chinese own contribution to promoting the development of international river sedimentology.
【作者單位】： 長江大學(xué)地球科學(xué)學(xué)院;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(41772094,41302096) 國家科技重大專項(xiàng)(2016ZX05027-002-007)~~
【分類號】：P343.1;P512.2

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