【摘要】：在地震數據處理中,通常受到復雜因素的影響其在空間方向上的采樣是不規(guī)則的,而這種不規(guī)則的采樣對后續(xù)的地震資料處理影響嚴重。數據規(guī)則化的作用是通過在不規(guī)則采樣網格中,使用估計空間頻率的傅里葉方法進行實現。在一個不規(guī)則坐標網格中,傅里葉基函數的非正交性導致“譜泄漏”的問題:能量從一個傅里葉系數泄漏到另一個傅里葉系數中。本文研究了基于傅立葉變換的地震數據規(guī)則化的反泄漏算法,通過遞歸減法的ALFT算法消除了不規(guī)則地震數據所引發(fā)的頻譜泄漏現象,可實現精準分析相對應的傅里葉系數,進而實現不規(guī)則網格數據處理和規(guī)則重建。本文采用區(qū)域加權方案準確估計傅里葉權值;應用頻率域過采樣技術消除邊界吉布斯現象;利用非規(guī)則快速傅里葉變換代替?zhèn)鹘y的非規(guī)則離散傅里葉變換降低運算成本;應用分塊策略將大數據分塊處理提高運行速率;應用分布式并行策略用以存儲及處理超大型數據。在本文中,介紹了基于CUDA架構的GPU/CPU并行加速技術,針對較高的輕量計算任務如矩陣乘法部分采用GPU算法進行改進,改進后算法并行度高,處理速度快。在反泄漏傅里葉變換算法中,通過將非規(guī)則傅里葉變換運算部分按照傅里葉因子與輸入數據的關系拆分成矩陣乘法形式進行表達,并將拆分后的矩陣乘法部分傳入GPU端進行處理;在GPU端應用share memory對數據處理進行進一步的加速;應用reduction改進算法在GPU中求取最大值。多種改進以及優(yōu)化技術應用在反泄漏傅里葉變換方法中,很大程度上提高算法處理效率以及結果模型的精度,通過GPU端相應優(yōu)化,其算法的加速比可以達到76倍以上。理論模型和實際數據處理結果可以滿足工業(yè)化的需求,驗證了方法的有效性和合理性。
[Abstract]:In seismic data processing, the sampling in spatial direction is irregular under the influence of complex factors, and this kind of irregular sampling has a serious effect on the subsequent seismic data processing. The function of data regularization is realized by using Fourier method to estimate spatial frequency in irregular sampling grid. In an irregular coordinate grid, the nonorthogonality of the Fourier basis function leads to the problem of "spectral leakage": energy leaks from one Fourier coefficient to another. In this paper, a regularized anti-leakage algorithm of seismic data based on Fourier transform is studied. The frequency spectrum leakage caused by irregular seismic data is eliminated by recursive subtraction ALFT algorithm, and the corresponding Fourier coefficients can be accurately analyzed. Furthermore, irregular grid data processing and rule reconstruction are realized. In this paper, the region weighting scheme is used to accurately estimate the Fourier weight, the frequency domain oversampling technique is used to eliminate the boundary Gibbs phenomenon, the irregular fast Fourier transform is used to replace the traditional irregular discrete Fourier transform, and the operation cost is reduced. The block processing of big data is applied to improve the running rate, and the distributed parallel strategy is used to store and process super large data. In this paper, the GPU/CPU parallel acceleration technology based on CUDA architecture is introduced. The GPU algorithm is used to improve the high lightweight computing tasks such as matrix multiplication. The improved algorithm has a high degree of parallelism and a fast processing speed. In the anti-leakage Fourier transform algorithm, the irregular Fourier transform is expressed in matrix multiplication form according to the relation between the Fourier factor and the input data. And the split matrix multiplication part is passed into the GPU terminal for processing; The data processing is further accelerated by using share memory at the GPU end, and the maximum value is obtained by using the improved reduction algorithm in GPU. Many improved and optimized techniques are applied to the anti-leakage Fourier transform method, which greatly improves the processing efficiency of the algorithm and the precision of the result model. The speedup ratio of the algorithm can reach more than 76 times through the corresponding optimization of the GPU terminal. The theoretical model and the actual data processing results can meet the needs of industrialization and verify the validity and rationality of the method.
【學位授予單位】：東北石油大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P631.44

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