【摘要】：隨著環(huán)境的日益惡化,我們所面臨的問(wèn)題不再只是溫室效應(yīng)和臭氧層漏洞。水資源的不合理利用和濕地的大幅度減少,使得新疆北部全新世以來(lái)環(huán)境演變問(wèn)題變得更加復(fù)雜。定量地研究環(huán)境變化規(guī)律,可以更好地解釋全球氣候變化規(guī)律,為解決當(dāng)今生態(tài)問(wèn)題乃至預(yù)測(cè)未來(lái)氣候變化提供理論依據(jù)。本文擬以在新疆北部艾比湖和喀納斯兩個(gè)有小葉樺生長(zhǎng)的濕地所取的地層剖面為主體,結(jié)合P14PC年齡進(jìn)行多指標(biāo)分析,旨在研究古氣候變化和植被演變的關(guān)系。在艾比湖地區(qū)沿博爾塔拉河流域采集49個(gè)表土孢粉樣品;喀納斯地區(qū)沿東西兩側(cè)山坡采集65個(gè)表土,進(jìn)行不同海拔高度間花粉譜差異性研究;然后結(jié)合新疆北部214個(gè)表土孢粉數(shù)據(jù)運(yùn)用加權(quán)平均最小二乘法(WAPLS)模型重建3000a BP的古環(huán)境、古氣候演變歷史。結(jié)果顯示,艾比湖地區(qū)的表土孢粉譜劃分為6個(gè)孢粉帶,分別對(duì)應(yīng)該區(qū)的現(xiàn)代高山草甸帶、亞高山草甸草原帶、森林灌叢帶、灌叢草原帶、荒漠草原帶和荒漠植被帶。其中帶VI又被分為單純的荒漠植被亞帶和對(duì)應(yīng)于當(dāng)?shù)厣L(zhǎng)的隱域植被小葉樺的荒漠植被亞帶�？{斯地區(qū)采自東坡和西坡的表土孢粉劃分為3個(gè)帶,分別對(duì)應(yīng)現(xiàn)代的山地溫帶半荒漠草原帶、山地寒溫帶草原帶和山地針葉林帶。艾比湖和喀納斯的剖面孢粉以及其他綜合指標(biāo)的分析得出,兩個(gè)研究區(qū)的氣候總體狀況均表現(xiàn)為相對(duì)冷濕和暖干的變化模式,1300a BP以前都表現(xiàn)出冷濕的環(huán)境,嗣后逐漸轉(zhuǎn)為暖干,但在喀納斯地區(qū)380a BP時(shí)卻出現(xiàn)了稍微冷濕的波動(dòng)。艾比湖地區(qū)過(guò)去2000多年以來(lái)植被大多是以荒漠草原或草原植被為主,360cal.a BP以來(lái),樺屬植物大量生長(zhǎng)在濕地上,180cal.a BP之后,該植物急速減少,旱生植物含量增加,濕地嚴(yán)重退縮�？{斯地區(qū)3000多年以來(lái)始終以森林植被景觀為主,隨著時(shí)間的變化僅有建群樹(shù)種的改變。因此,通過(guò)對(duì)兩個(gè)有小葉樺生長(zhǎng)的典型濕地區(qū)植被和環(huán)境演變數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)比,有助于把握歷史時(shí)期以來(lái)全球變化對(duì)區(qū)域和局域植被的影響。濕地作為地球之腎,對(duì)氣候變化的緩沖能力較強(qiáng),對(duì)其加以系統(tǒng)地研究,將有助于新疆的生態(tài)文明建設(shè)。
[Abstract]:As the environment deteriorates, the problems we face are no longer just Greenhouse Effect and ozone holes. The unreasonable utilization of water resources and the decrease of wetlands make the environmental evolution of northern Xinjiang more complicated since Holocene. The quantitative study on the law of environmental change can better explain the law of global climate change and provide a theoretical basis for solving the ecological problems and predicting the future climate change. In this paper, the stratigraphic profiles of two wetlands with small Betula platyphylla growing in Ebinus Lake and Kanas in northern Xinjiang are taken as the main body, combined with P14PC age to carry out multiple index analysis, in order to study the relationship between paleoclimate change and vegetation evolution. Forty-nine surface soil pollen samples were collected along the Boltara River basin in Ebinur Lake area, 65 topsoil samples were collected along the hillsides of east and west sides in Kanas area to study the differences of pollen spectrum between different elevations. Then the paleoenvironment and paleoclimate evolution history of 3000a BP were reconstructed by using weighted mean least square (WAPLS) model based on 214 surface soil pollen data in northern Xinjiang. The results showed that the surface soil sporopollen spectrum of Ebinur Lake area was divided into 6 sporopollen zones, corresponding to the modern alpine meadow belt, subalpine meadow grassland belt, forest thicket belt, shrub grassland belt, desert steppe zone and desert vegetation belt respectively. Among them, VI is divided into simple desert vegetation subzone and desert vegetation subzone corresponding to local growth of small Betula platyphylla. The sporopollen collected from the east slope and the west slope of Kanas area can be divided into three zones, corresponding to the modern mountainous temperate semi-desert steppe zone, mountain cold temperate grassland belt and mountain coniferous forest belt. The analysis of sporopollen and other comprehensive indexes in the sections of Ebinus Lake and Kanas shows that the overall climate conditions of the two study areas are both relatively cold and wet and warm and dry, and before 1 300 a BP, they all showed cold and wet environments. Then it gradually turned to warm and dry, but slightly cold and wet fluctuated at 380 years BP in Kanas area. In the past 2000 years, most of the vegetation in Ebinur Lake area is desert steppe or steppe vegetation. Since 360cal.a BP, Betula plants have grown in large numbers on wetlands. After 180cal.a BP, the plants decreased rapidly and the content of xerophytes increased. The wetlands flinched. Forest vegetation landscape has been dominant in Kanas area for more than 3000 years. Therefore, the comparison of vegetation and environmental evolution data between two typical wet areas with Betula platyphylla is helpful to understand the influence of global change on regional and local vegetation in historical period. Wetland, as the kidney of the earth, has a strong buffer capacity to climate change. It will be helpful to the construction of ecological civilization in Xinjiang to study it systematically.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：石家莊經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：Q914

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