【摘要】：轉換波處理與常規(guī)縱波處理有很大的不同,其中轉換橫波的靜校正問題作為影響轉換波成像結果質量好壞的關鍵步驟之一,被認為是公認的難題。轉換波的傳播路徑是不對稱的,上行的反射波為橫波,由于橫波速度在近地表處比縱波低很多,且橫向變化劇烈,使得同一檢波點處的橫波靜校量較縱波靜校正量大得多,導致常規(guī)縱波靜校正方法難以直接推廣應用于轉換波靜校正問題。為此,本文開展了轉換波靜校正方法的應用研究。本文從轉換波靜校正的基本概念入手,介紹了現(xiàn)有的各種轉換波靜校正方法的國內外研究現(xiàn)狀,著重研究了基于反射波的轉換波靜校正方法和基于折射波的轉換波靜校正方法。共檢波點疊加道相關法和縱波構造時間控制法都是基于反射波的轉換波靜校正方法,是生產(chǎn)上最常用的方法。縱波構造時間約束法主要求取檢波點長波長靜校正量,而優(yōu)化的共檢波點疊加道相關法求取的是檢波點的短波長靜校正量;改進的轉換波延遲時法是基于折射波的轉換波靜校正方法,該方法在共檢波點疊加剖面上拾取互相關時差,可較好地解決轉換波的長波長和短波長靜校正問題。由單一的轉換波靜校正方法難以完全消除轉換波靜校正問題,需要根據(jù)工區(qū)實際情況,對方法進行組合,逐步消除轉換波靜校正量。通過對蘇里格2D3C地震數(shù)據(jù)的處理,證實了轉換波延遲時法與共檢波點疊加道相關法相結合求解轉換波檢波點靜校正量在厚風化層地區(qū)能取得了較好的應用效果。針對國外M工區(qū)3D3C地震數(shù)據(jù)近地表由厚度不規(guī)則變化的冰川沉積物構成導致風化層靜校正問題非常嚴重的問題,本文利用三維折射波靜校正方法與基于互相關的剩余靜校正方法相結合求取縱波靜校正量作為P-SV轉換波數(shù)據(jù)的炮點靜校正量;對于檢波點靜校正量,本文利用縱波構造約束法求取檢波點的長波長靜校正量,采用共檢波點疊加道相關法求取檢波點短波長靜校正量。通過對對國外M工區(qū)實際資料的應用結果表明,組合靜校正方法能較好的解決檢波點靜校正問題,具有實際應用價值。
[Abstract]:The conversion wave processing is very different from the conventional P-wave processing. The statics of the converted shear wave is regarded as one of the key steps to affect the quality of the converted wave imaging results, and it is considered to be a recognized problem. The propagating path of the converted wave is asymmetric, and the upstream reflected wave is a shear wave. Because the velocity of the shear wave is much lower than that of the longitudinal wave near the surface, and the lateral variation is severe, the static correction of the shear wave at the same detection point is much larger than that of the longitudinal wave static correction. It is difficult to apply the conventional P-wave statics method directly to the conversion wave statics problem. Therefore, the application of the conversion wave statics method is studied in this paper. Starting with the basic concept of converted wave statics, this paper introduces the present research status of various converted wave statics methods at home and abroad, and emphatically studies the converted wave statics methods based on reflection waves and refraction wave statics methods. The common detection point stacking channel correlation method and the P-wave construction time control method are the most commonly used methods in the production of converted wave statics based on reflected waves. The time constraint method of P-wave construction is mainly used to calculate the long-wavelength statics of the detection points, while the optimized co-detection point stack correlation method is used to calculate the short-wavelength statics of the detection points. The improved converted wave delay time method is based on refraction wave conversion wave statics. This method can pick up the cross-correlation time difference on the stacking section of common detection point, which can solve the problem of long wavelength and short wavelength statics of converted wave. It is difficult to completely eliminate the problem of converted wave statics by a single converted wave statics method. It is necessary to combine the method according to the actual situation of the working area and gradually eliminate the converted wave statics. Through the processing of Sulige 2D3C seismic data, it is proved that the converted-wave delay time method and the co-detection point stacking correlation method can be used to solve the static correction of the converted wave detection points in the thick weathered zone. In view of the serious problem of static correction of weathered beds caused by glacial sediments with irregular thickness near the surface of 3D3C seismic data in M working area abroad, In this paper, three dimensional refraction static correction method and residual static correction method based on cross-correlation are combined to calculate the P-wave statics as the shot statics of P-SV converted wave data. For the static correction of the detection point, the long wavelength static correction of the detection point is obtained by using the P-wave structure constraint method, and the short wavelength statics value of the detection point is obtained by the common detection point stack correlation method. Through the application of the practical data in M area abroad, it is shown that the combined static correction method can solve the problem of detection point statics well and has practical application value.
【學位授予單位】：中國石油大學(華東)
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P631.4

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