發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-18 02:40

【摘要】：論文選取西加拿大沉積盆地科羅拉多群Second White Specks(2WS)組不同埋深、從未成熟到高成熟的烴源巖樣品,建立一個(gè)完整的自然演化系列;同時(shí),采集兩件吉林樺甸盆地新生代古近系油頁(yè)巖樣品,與一件低熟的西加樣品進(jìn)行高壓釜熱壓模擬實(shí)驗(yàn),建立了人工熟化序列。在比較不同地區(qū)的樣品在相同的實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下有機(jī)地球化學(xué)特征變化的同時(shí),還對(duì)西加盆地樣品的自然演化和熱模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下的地球化學(xué)特征進(jìn)行了對(duì)比研究,全面刻畫有機(jī)質(zhì)熱演化過(guò)程。本次所選西加盆地樣品有機(jī)質(zhì)類型以II型干酪根為主;有機(jī)質(zhì)豐度較高,分布范圍廣,以原地生成為主。隨著埋深的增大,樣品中游離烴(S1)逐漸升高并在2600米左右達(dá)到最大值,裂解烴(S2)則由于轉(zhuǎn)化為游離烴(S1)以及焦瀝青,含量迅速減小;有機(jī)質(zhì)成熟度隨埋深的增加相應(yīng)升高。通過(guò)對(duì)樣品進(jìn)行抽提、組分分離、飽和烴、芳香烴色譜-質(zhì)譜分析,研究各類分子化合物的絕對(duì)含量以及各成熟度參數(shù)在自然演化剖面和熱模擬過(guò)程中隨成熟度不同呈現(xiàn)出的變化。從整體對(duì)比結(jié)果看,熱模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)軌蜉^好反映有機(jī)質(zhì)演化歷程,但部分結(jié)果仍與自然演化存在一定差異,反映時(shí)間與溫度發(fā)揮作用不同,對(duì)比兩種熱演化體系可以全面深化對(duì)成烴機(jī)理的認(rèn)識(shí),各系列化合物絕對(duì)含量變化是刻畫和重新認(rèn)識(shí)成熟度體系的關(guān)鍵所在。通過(guò)研究部分樣品的已知鏡質(zhì)體反射率Ro和甲基菲指數(shù)、烷基二苯并噻吩以及熱解參數(shù)Tmax的相互關(guān)系,發(fā)現(xiàn)甲基菲指數(shù)(MPI-2)與Ro相關(guān)性最好,相關(guān)系數(shù)達(dá)0.93,因此采用甲基菲指數(shù)對(duì)大部分西加樣品進(jìn)行Ro的擬合,并對(duì)擬合出的Ro隨深度的變化特征進(jìn)行研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)Ro隨著深度的變化,并不是通常所認(rèn)為的線性變化,而是分為三個(gè)階段:緩慢變化階段、中等快速階段和快速增加階段。自然演化樣品有機(jī)質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化率不同計(jì)算方法結(jié)果較為一致:埋深2000米之上的樣品數(shù)值分布范圍廣,而當(dāng)埋深達(dá)到2500米之后,有機(jī)質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化率逐漸達(dá)到穩(wěn)定值。熱模擬樣品有機(jī)質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化率與北海Kimmeridgian源巖相似,均分為三個(gè)階段,即緩慢增長(zhǎng)階段、快速增長(zhǎng)階段以及穩(wěn)定階段;然而不同計(jì)算方法結(jié)果卻有較大差別:降解率法計(jì)算的有機(jī)質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化率初始就達(dá)90%以上;而斜率法計(jì)算的有機(jī)質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化率初始為36.6%,并且該方法計(jì)算的有機(jī)質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化率與樣品的生排烴產(chǎn)率曲線有很好的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,說(shuō)明斜率法可以更好的體現(xiàn)熱模擬樣品有機(jī)質(zhì)的生排烴過(guò)程。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the source rock samples with different burial depth and never matured to high maturity in the Second White Specks (2WS) formation of western Canada sedimentary basin are selected to establish a complete series of natural evolution. At the same time, two samples of Cenozoic Paleogene oil shale in Huadian Basin of Jilin Province were collected and simulated by autoclave with a low-mature sample of Xijia. The artificial maturation sequence was established. While comparing the changes of organic geochemical characteristics between samples from different regions under the same experimental conditions, the natural evolution of samples in the Xijia Basin and the geochemical characteristics under the conditions of thermal simulation experiments are also studied. A comprehensive description of the thermal evolution of organic matter. The main types of organic matter in Xijia basin are II kerogen, the abundance of organic matter is high, the distribution range is wide, and the origin of organic matter is mainly in situ. With the increase of buried depth, the free hydrocarbon (S1) in the sample increases gradually and reaches the maximum value at about 2600 m, while the pyrolysis hydrocarbon (S2) decreases rapidly because of its conversion to free hydrocarbon (S1) and pyrobitumen. The maturity of organic matter increases with the increase of buried depth. By extracting the sample, separating the components, analyzing the saturated hydrocarbon, and analyzing the aromatic hydrocarbon by chromatography-mass spectrometry, The absolute content of various molecular compounds and the variation of maturity parameters with different maturity in the natural evolution profile and thermal simulation process are studied. From the overall comparative results, the thermal simulation experiment can better reflect the evolution of organic matter, but some of the results are still different from the natural evolution, reflecting the time and temperature play different roles. Comparing the two thermal evolution systems can deepen the understanding of hydrocarbon generation mechanism in an all-round way. The change of absolute content of each series of compounds is the key to characterize and re-understand the maturity system. By studying the relationship between the known vitrinite reflectance (Ro) and phenanthrene index, alkyl dibenzothiophene and pyrolysis parameter Tmax, it was found that the correlation between MPI-2 and Ro was the best, and the correlation coefficient was 0.93. Therefore, using phenanthrene methyl index to fit the Ro of most samples in Siga, and studying the variation characteristics of Ro with depth, it is found that the variation of Ro with depth is not linear as generally thought. It is divided into three stages: slow change stage, medium fast stage and fast increasing stage. The results of different calculation methods for organic matter conversion of natural evolution samples are consistent: the sample above 2000 meters buried depth has a wide range of numerical distribution, but when the buried depth reaches 2500 meters, the organic matter conversion rate gradually reaches a stable value. The organic matter conversion rate of the simulated samples is similar to that of the North Sea Kimmeridgian source rocks, which is divided into three stages: slow growth stage, rapid growth stage and stable stage. However, the results of different calculation methods are quite different: the conversion rate of organic matter calculated by the degradation rate method is above 90%; And the conversion rate of organic matter calculated by slope method is 36.6, and the conversion rate of organic matter calculated by this method has a good correspondence with the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion yield curve of the sample. The slope method can better reflect the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion process of organic matter.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：P618.13

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