貴州鳳岡二區(qū)塊下寒武統(tǒng)牛蹄塘組頁巖氣成藏特征研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-17 05:16
【摘要】：貴州省頁巖氣資源地質(zhì)儲量達10.48×1012m3,位列全國第四,具有良好的頁巖氣勘探開發(fā)前景。其中鳳岡二區(qū)塊是2012年9月10日國土資源部對頁巖氣探礦權(quán)出讓進行國內(nèi)第二輪公開招標時劃分的區(qū)塊,具有很好的頁巖氣勘探開發(fā)前景。鳳岡二區(qū)位于貴州北部,地勢南高北低,地形起伏大,地貌類型復雜,且為油氣探礦權(quán)空白區(qū),地質(zhì)工作程度低,針對下寒武統(tǒng)牛蹄塘組頁巖氣地質(zhì)特征的研究相對薄弱,頁巖氣地質(zhì)條件不明確,頁巖氣勘查尚處于起步階段,可用于頁巖氣資源潛力預測的資料也非常有限。本文以鳳岡二區(qū)下寒武統(tǒng)牛蹄塘組黑色頁巖為研究對象,通過文獻檢索、資料收集與整理、野外地質(zhì)調(diào)查、地化實驗測試等方法,對研究區(qū)牛蹄塘組頁巖氣成藏特征進行系統(tǒng)研究,結(jié)果表明:鳳岡二區(qū)下寒武統(tǒng)牛蹄塘組沉積環(huán)境以深水陸棚沉積為主,水體環(huán)境較為穩(wěn)定,全區(qū)牛蹄塘組廣泛發(fā)育,沉積厚度較大,其中黑色頁巖厚度平均為100m左右,呈由東南向西北方向逐漸增厚的趨勢。區(qū)內(nèi)牛蹄塘組埋藏深度基本處于500-3500m左右,埋深主要受構(gòu)造發(fā)育的控制,埋深總體呈現(xiàn)由南往北、自西向東增加的趨勢。區(qū)域構(gòu)造以寬緩褶皺為主,逆斷層發(fā)育,偶見正斷層,總體對頁巖氣的生成及保存提供了有利條件。鳳岡二區(qū)全區(qū)廣泛發(fā)育牛蹄塘組黑色頁巖,TOC介于2.15-6.50%,相對較高,且具有自東向西增高的趨勢;縱向上有機碳含量呈自上而下增加的趨勢,中上部分TOC值基本處于0.5%左右,下部TOC值普遍達到5.0%以上,最高值為11.8%。區(qū)內(nèi)干酪根以Ⅰ型為主;類鏡質(zhì)體巖心樣最大反射率介于3.16-5.59%,平均4.67%,處于過成熟階段,已進入生氣晚期或裂解氣階段。礦物組分以石英、長石及黏土礦物為主,黏土礦物平均在25%左右,石英與斜長石礦物含量平均在70%左右,黏土礦物以伊蒙混層及伊利石為主;黏土礦物為頁巖氣提供大量的吸附表面積,有利于頁巖氣的富集成藏。鳳岡二區(qū)區(qū)內(nèi)牛蹄塘組頁巖氣以熱成因為主,顯微鏡、掃描電鏡觀察牛蹄塘組頁巖孔隙類型包括粒內(nèi)孔、晶間孔、有機質(zhì)孔、粒間孔和溶蝕孔等,裂縫則有宏觀裂縫及微觀裂縫;孔隙以nm級與μm級為主,宏觀裂縫mm級,微觀裂縫以μm級為主,孔裂隙多被瀝青、黃鐵礦、方解石等充填。壓汞實驗、低溫液氮吸附實驗與二氧化碳吸附實驗結(jié)果表明頁巖微孔、介孔及大孔發(fā)育良好,微孔及介孔的表面積較大,為頁巖氣提供了大量的吸附空間,而連通性很好的開放孔則為頁巖氣提供了大量的游離氣賦存空間,總體上研究區(qū)目標層有利于頁巖氣的賦存。牛蹄塘組頁巖等溫吸附實驗結(jié)果顯示具合村露頭實測剖面最大吸附量較小,介于0.77-0.94 cm3/g,而ZK2井最大吸附量分布于1.18-5.65 cm3/g,平均為3.57cm3/g,鑒于露頭樣風化較嚴重,綜合認為研究區(qū)牛蹄塘組最大吸附量整體較好。鳳岡二區(qū)牛蹄塘組目標層經(jīng)歷了持續(xù)的埋藏階段,保證了有機質(zhì)向油氣轉(zhuǎn)化的順利進行,生成大量頁巖氣,而白堊紀之后的地層隆升為現(xiàn)今商業(yè)開發(fā)提供了有利條件。通過對儲層微觀因素與含氣性關(guān)系研究發(fā)現(xiàn),區(qū)內(nèi)牛蹄塘組頁巖氣吸附量受有機碳含量控制明顯。綜合考慮研究區(qū)內(nèi)構(gòu)造作用、沉積作用、埋深及儲層微觀因素對頁巖氣成藏的影響,認為區(qū)內(nèi)有利區(qū)主要受構(gòu)造作用與埋深的控制,構(gòu)造穩(wěn)定(區(qū)內(nèi)不含落差超過20m的大、中型斷層)、埋深處于1000-3500m作為有利區(qū)優(yōu)選參數(shù),并據(jù)此劃分出兩個頁巖氣富集有利區(qū)(有利區(qū)Ⅰ和有利區(qū)Ⅱ)。
[Abstract]:The geological reserve of the shale gas in Guizhou is 10. 48-1012m3, the fourth in the whole country, and has a good prospect of gas exploration and development. The two-block of Fenggang is the block divided by the second round of public bidding for shale gas exploration right by the Ministry of Land and Resources on September 10, 2012, which has a good prospect of gas exploration and development. The two areas of Fenggang are located in the northern part of Guizhou. The terrain is high and the north is low, the relief of the terrain is large, the type of the landforms is complex, and it is a blank area for the exploration right of the oil and gas, and the geological work is low. The study on the geological features of the shale gas in the Lower Cambrian Niuhotang Formation is relatively weak, and the geological conditions of the shale gas are not clear. The shale gas exploration is still in the initial stage, and the data that can be used in the prediction of shale gas resource potential is also very limited. In this paper, a systematic study on the characteristics of the shale gas in the study area is carried out by the methods of literature search, data collection and sorting, field geological survey and geochemical test, and the results show that: The sedimentary environment of the Lower Cambrian Niuungtang Formation in Fenggang District is dominated by deep-water shelf deposition. The environment of the water body is more stable. The cattle hoof pond in the whole area is widely developed and the deposition thickness is large. The average thickness of the black shale is about 100m, which is the trend of gradually thickening from the southeast to the northwest. The buried depth of the cattle-hoofed pond in the area is about 500-3500m, the depth of the burial is mainly controlled by the structural development, and the depth of the buried depth is generally from the south to the north and from the west to the east. The regional structure mainly provides favorable conditions for the formation and preservation of shale gas. In the area of Fenggang, the black shale is widely developed in the whole region, and the TOC is in the range of 2.15-6.50%, which is relatively high and has a tendency to increase from the east to the west. The organic carbon content in the longitudinal direction is increased from top to bottom. The TOC value of the upper part is about 0.5%, and the lower TOC value is generally over 5.0%. The highest value was 11. 8%. In the region, kerogen is dominated by type I; the maximum reflectance of the core-like core sample is 3.16-5.59%, the average is 4.67%, it is in the stage of over-maturity, and has entered the stage of late stage of regeneration or pyrolysis gas. The mineral components are mainly quartz, feldspar and clay minerals, the average clay mineral is about 25%, the mineral content of the quartz and the plagioclase is about 70%, the clay mineral is mainly composed of the isimon layer and the illite, and the clay minerals provide a large amount of adsorption surface area for the shale gas, and is beneficial to the enrichment of the shale gas to be hidden. The shale gas in the Tiaotang Formation of the two district of Fenggang is the main cause of the heat. The microscopic and scanning electron microscope is used to observe the pore type of the shale in the cattle hoofed pond, including the inner hole, the intercrystalline pore, the organic matter hole, the interparticle hole and the dissolution hole, etc., and the fracture has macro-cracks and micro-cracks; the pores are dominated by the nm and the. m At the macro-fracture mm, the micro-cracks are dominated by the micron level, and the pore fractures are filled with asphalt, pyrite, calcite and the like. The experimental results of the pressure mercury experiment, the low temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption experiment and the carbon dioxide adsorption experiment show that the shale micro-pores, the pores and the large pores are well developed, the surface area of the micro-pores and the pores is large, and a large amount of adsorption space is provided for the shale gas, and the well-connected open hole provides a large amount of free gas occurrence space for shale gas, and the target layer of the whole research area is favorable for the occurrence of the shale gas. The experimental results show that the maximum adsorption capacity of the outcrop is small, between 0.77 and 0.94 cm3/ g, while the maximum adsorption capacity of the ZK2 well is 1. 18-5. 65 cm3/ g, with an average of 3.57cm3/ g. In view of the severe weathering of the outcrop, the maximum adsorption capacity of the cattle hoof pond in the study area is considered to be better. The target layer of the cattle-hoofed pond in the two districts of Fenggang has undergone a continuous burial stage, so that the smooth progress of the organic matter to the oil and gas conversion is ensured, and a large amount of shale gas is generated, while the formation on the back of the cretaceous period provides favorable conditions for the present commercial development. The study on the relationship between the micro-factors and the gas-bearing property of the reservoir shows that the amount of shale gas adsorption in the cattle-hoofed pond in the region is controlled by the organic carbon content. Considering the influence of the tectonic action, the sedimentation, the buried depth and the micro-factors of the reservoir on the formation of the shale gas in the study area, it is considered that the favorable area in the area is mainly controlled by the structure and the buried depth, and the structure is stable (the large and medium-sized fault with no drop of more than 20m in the area). The buried depth of 1000-3500m is the preferred parameter of the favorable zone and the two shale gas-enriched favorable zones are divided accordingly (the favorable zone I and the favorable zone II).
【學位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P618.13
本文編號：2383710
[Abstract]:The geological reserve of the shale gas in Guizhou is 10. 48-1012m3, the fourth in the whole country, and has a good prospect of gas exploration and development. The two-block of Fenggang is the block divided by the second round of public bidding for shale gas exploration right by the Ministry of Land and Resources on September 10, 2012, which has a good prospect of gas exploration and development. The two areas of Fenggang are located in the northern part of Guizhou. The terrain is high and the north is low, the relief of the terrain is large, the type of the landforms is complex, and it is a blank area for the exploration right of the oil and gas, and the geological work is low. The study on the geological features of the shale gas in the Lower Cambrian Niuhotang Formation is relatively weak, and the geological conditions of the shale gas are not clear. The shale gas exploration is still in the initial stage, and the data that can be used in the prediction of shale gas resource potential is also very limited. In this paper, a systematic study on the characteristics of the shale gas in the study area is carried out by the methods of literature search, data collection and sorting, field geological survey and geochemical test, and the results show that: The sedimentary environment of the Lower Cambrian Niuungtang Formation in Fenggang District is dominated by deep-water shelf deposition. The environment of the water body is more stable. The cattle hoof pond in the whole area is widely developed and the deposition thickness is large. The average thickness of the black shale is about 100m, which is the trend of gradually thickening from the southeast to the northwest. The buried depth of the cattle-hoofed pond in the area is about 500-3500m, the depth of the burial is mainly controlled by the structural development, and the depth of the buried depth is generally from the south to the north and from the west to the east. The regional structure mainly provides favorable conditions for the formation and preservation of shale gas. In the area of Fenggang, the black shale is widely developed in the whole region, and the TOC is in the range of 2.15-6.50%, which is relatively high and has a tendency to increase from the east to the west. The organic carbon content in the longitudinal direction is increased from top to bottom. The TOC value of the upper part is about 0.5%, and the lower TOC value is generally over 5.0%. The highest value was 11. 8%. In the region, kerogen is dominated by type I; the maximum reflectance of the core-like core sample is 3.16-5.59%, the average is 4.67%, it is in the stage of over-maturity, and has entered the stage of late stage of regeneration or pyrolysis gas. The mineral components are mainly quartz, feldspar and clay minerals, the average clay mineral is about 25%, the mineral content of the quartz and the plagioclase is about 70%, the clay mineral is mainly composed of the isimon layer and the illite, and the clay minerals provide a large amount of adsorption surface area for the shale gas, and is beneficial to the enrichment of the shale gas to be hidden. The shale gas in the Tiaotang Formation of the two district of Fenggang is the main cause of the heat. The microscopic and scanning electron microscope is used to observe the pore type of the shale in the cattle hoofed pond, including the inner hole, the intercrystalline pore, the organic matter hole, the interparticle hole and the dissolution hole, etc., and the fracture has macro-cracks and micro-cracks; the pores are dominated by the nm and the. m At the macro-fracture mm, the micro-cracks are dominated by the micron level, and the pore fractures are filled with asphalt, pyrite, calcite and the like. The experimental results of the pressure mercury experiment, the low temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption experiment and the carbon dioxide adsorption experiment show that the shale micro-pores, the pores and the large pores are well developed, the surface area of the micro-pores and the pores is large, and a large amount of adsorption space is provided for the shale gas, and the well-connected open hole provides a large amount of free gas occurrence space for shale gas, and the target layer of the whole research area is favorable for the occurrence of the shale gas. The experimental results show that the maximum adsorption capacity of the outcrop is small, between 0.77 and 0.94 cm3/ g, while the maximum adsorption capacity of the ZK2 well is 1. 18-5. 65 cm3/ g, with an average of 3.57cm3/ g. In view of the severe weathering of the outcrop, the maximum adsorption capacity of the cattle hoof pond in the study area is considered to be better. The target layer of the cattle-hoofed pond in the two districts of Fenggang has undergone a continuous burial stage, so that the smooth progress of the organic matter to the oil and gas conversion is ensured, and a large amount of shale gas is generated, while the formation on the back of the cretaceous period provides favorable conditions for the present commercial development. The study on the relationship between the micro-factors and the gas-bearing property of the reservoir shows that the amount of shale gas adsorption in the cattle-hoofed pond in the region is controlled by the organic carbon content. Considering the influence of the tectonic action, the sedimentation, the buried depth and the micro-factors of the reservoir on the formation of the shale gas in the study area, it is considered that the favorable area in the area is mainly controlled by the structure and the buried depth, and the structure is stable (the large and medium-sized fault with no drop of more than 20m in the area). The buried depth of 1000-3500m is the preferred parameter of the favorable zone and the two shale gas-enriched favorable zones are divided accordingly (the favorable zone I and the favorable zone II).
【學位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P618.13
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