【摘要】：滑坡是一種常見的地質(zhì)災(zāi)害,它常常給經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)和人們的生命財產(chǎn)安全帶來嚴(yán)重的損失。地表水和地下水的活動是導(dǎo)致滑坡災(zāi)害發(fā)生的重要因素之一,90%左右的邊坡破壞都發(fā)生在雨季。坡體內(nèi)地下水位抬高后,土質(zhì)受到軟化,粘聚力及抗剪強(qiáng)度降低、增大的孔隙水壓力將使坡體的抗滑力下降,容易導(dǎo)致滑坡災(zāi)害的發(fā)生。及時有效地攔截地表水入滲并排除地下水,對于防止滑坡災(zāi)害的發(fā)生,提高邊坡穩(wěn)定性起著至關(guān)重要的作用。虹吸排水是一種免動力實(shí)時排水措施,它的原理是把排水管通過下傾斜孔進(jìn)入邊坡的深部,并從斜孔的孔底引出虹吸排水管到坡面一定位置,在坡體內(nèi)部水位上升時,利用虹吸管兩端的進(jìn)出水口高差實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)時排水。虹吸排水可以免動力實(shí)現(xiàn)水體的高效跨越輸送,通過改變邊坡地下水位線的形狀和分布,提高邊坡的穩(wěn)定性,是一種新型有效的邊坡排水方法。在實(shí)際工程中需要通過合理布置虹吸排水孔群來顯著降低地下水位從而較大程度的增加邊坡的穩(wěn)定性。已有的地下水動力學(xué)對于豎直井群孔排水有較為系統(tǒng)的認(rèn)識,但對于傾斜式的邊坡虹吸排水缺乏適用性。將井群孔降水與傾斜排水的排水效率相結(jié)合,引入排水?dāng)r截比的概念,由地下水向潛水完整井穩(wěn)定流動的浸潤曲線方程,推導(dǎo)排水?dāng)r截比與群孔間距的關(guān)系式,得到不同的排水孔布設(shè)間距對虹吸排水效果的影響。在實(shí)際計算中可以根據(jù)工程要求確定排水?dāng)r截比并求出相應(yīng)的井孔間距,為實(shí)際工程的設(shè)計提供相關(guān)依據(jù)。構(gòu)建邊坡物理試驗?zāi)Ｐ?研究排水孔傾斜角度對排水效果的影響,試驗結(jié)果表明地下水位以下部分孔長與排水?dāng)r截比呈線性關(guān)系;實(shí)際工程中當(dāng)控制地下水位降深相同,通過改變排水孔的傾斜角度來增大地下水位以下部分孔長能有效增強(qiáng)虹吸管的排水效果;試驗結(jié)果驗證了文章理論推導(dǎo)部分的準(zhǔn)確性。
[Abstract]:Landslide is a common geological hazard, which often brings serious losses to economic construction and people's life and property safety. The activity of surface water and groundwater is one of the important factors leading to landslide disasters. About 90% of slope failure occurs in the rainy season. When the groundwater level in the slope is raised, the soil will be softened, the cohesion and shear strength will be decreased, and the increase of pore water pressure will reduce the landslide resistance of the slope body, which will easily lead to the occurrence of landslide disaster. Timely and effectively intercepting surface water infiltration and removing groundwater play an important role in preventing landslide disasters and improving slope stability. Siphon drainage is a kind of non-dynamic real-time drainage measure. Its principle is to enter the drain pipe into the deep part of the slope through the downward sloping hole, and to draw the siphon drainage pipe to a certain position on the slope surface from the bottom of the hole of the inclined hole, and when the water level inside the slope is rising, Real-time drainage is realized by using the water inlet and outlet height difference at both ends of siphon. Siphon drainage is a new and effective method for slope drainage by changing the shape and distribution of underground water level and improving slope stability. In practical engineering, siphon drainage holes should be arranged reasonably to reduce the groundwater level significantly, thus increasing the slope stability to a large extent. There is a systematic understanding of groundwater dynamics for vertical hole drainage, but it is not suitable for slope siphon drainage. Combining the drainage efficiency of well group with slant drainage, the concept of drainage interception ratio is introduced, the infiltration curve equation of steady flow from groundwater to complete well is derived, and the relationship between drainage interception ratio and group hole spacing is deduced. The influence of different spacing of drainage holes on siphon drainage effect is obtained. In the actual calculation, the drainage interception ratio can be determined according to the engineering requirements and the corresponding well spacing can be calculated, which provides the relevant basis for the actual engineering design. The physical test model of slope is constructed to study the influence of inclined angle of drainage hole on drainage effect. The experimental results show that the length of the hole below the groundwater level is linearly related to the drainage interception ratio. In practical engineering, when the depth of underground water level is the same, increasing the length of the hole below the groundwater level by changing the inclined angle of the drainage hole can effectively enhance the drainage effect of the siphon pipe, and the experimental results verify the accuracy of the theoretical deduction part of the paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P642.22

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