【摘要】：地震勘探技術(shù)作為發(fā)現(xiàn)油氣藏的重要手段,一直以來是地球物理學(xué)中的研究重點(diǎn)。而隨著地震勘探技術(shù)發(fā)展,目前的勘探目標(biāo)主要為中小復(fù)雜隱蔽性油氣藏,這也對(duì)地震勘探技術(shù)的要求越來越高。地震偏移成像技術(shù)是將海量的地震數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)化成能夠反映地下地質(zhì)構(gòu)造地震剖面的重要手段,也是地震勘探技術(shù)中重要的一環(huán)。而傳統(tǒng)的地震偏移成像技術(shù)大都基于地球介質(zhì)為各向同性的假設(shè),但是大量的觀察和實(shí)驗(yàn)表明地球內(nèi)部介質(zhì)的各向異性是普遍存在的,如果運(yùn)用傳統(tǒng)基于各向同性假設(shè)的偏移成像方法來對(duì)處理各向異性探區(qū)的地震數(shù)據(jù),那么將會(huì)導(dǎo)致最終得到的地震剖面中反射波不能準(zhǔn)確歸位,繞射波收斂效果不好等問題,進(jìn)而對(duì)后續(xù)的地震資料處理解釋研究產(chǎn)生不利影響。另外,因?yàn)槲覀円幚淼氖呛Ａ康牡卣饠?shù)據(jù),在進(jìn)行偏移成像處理中不僅要考慮偏移方法的成像精度還要兼顧其計(jì)算效率問題。高斯束偏移方法作為近年來新興的一種改進(jìn)的幾何射線類偏移方法,不但保留了射線類偏移方法靈活高效和對(duì)陡傾構(gòu)造成像的優(yōu)點(diǎn),而且還能夠處理焦散區(qū)等問題,成像精度相對(duì)于Kirchhoff提高很多,接近單程波成像精度,具有很高的應(yīng)用前景和研究?jī)r(jià)值。本文我們主要研究各向異性介質(zhì)中的高斯束偏移方法,一方面擴(kuò)展了高斯束方法的應(yīng)用范圍,另一方面也考慮到其實(shí)用性。為了將高斯束偏移方法擴(kuò)展到各向異性介質(zhì)中,本文主要包括以下內(nèi)容:(1)從波動(dòng)方程出發(fā),推導(dǎo)了各向同性介質(zhì)和各向異性介質(zhì)中的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)和動(dòng)力學(xué)射線追蹤方程組,介紹了高斯束的表達(dá)式和基本性質(zhì)(2)在前人工作的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合各向異性介質(zhì)射線追蹤方程組,推導(dǎo)了各向異性介質(zhì)中的疊后高斯束偏移和疊前高斯束偏移成像公式,并通過模型試算驗(yàn)證了其正確性(3)為了充分利用多分量數(shù)據(jù)中波場(chǎng)的矢量特征,本文從彈性波Kirchhoff偏移方法的思想出發(fā),推導(dǎo)了各向異性介質(zhì)中的無需波場(chǎng)分離的多分量數(shù)據(jù)成像公式。并通過對(duì)模型進(jìn)行試算,驗(yàn)證了該方法的可行性。(4)在本文成像方法的基礎(chǔ)上,我們還討論了參數(shù)場(chǎng),初始束寬,束中心間隔和射線參數(shù)間隔等參數(shù)的選取準(zhǔn)則及其對(duì)各向異性高斯束偏移的影響。
[Abstract]:As an important means to discover oil and gas reservoirs, seismic exploration technology has been the focus of geophysics all along. With the development of seismic exploration technology, the current exploration targets are mainly small and medium complex hidden reservoirs, which also have higher and higher requirements for seismic exploration technology. Seismic migration imaging technology is an important means to transform massive seismic data into seismic profiles of underground geological structures and is also an important part of seismic exploration technology. Traditional seismic migration imaging techniques are mostly based on the assumption that the earth medium is isotropic, but a large number of observations and experiments show that the anisotropy of the earth's inner media is universal. If the traditional migration imaging method based on isotropic assumption is used to process seismic data in anisotropic exploration area, it will lead to the problem that the reflected wave in the final seismic profile cannot be accurately located, and the convergent effect of diffraction wave is not good. Then it has a negative effect on the subsequent seismic data processing and interpretation research. In addition, because we have to deal with massive seismic data, we should not only consider the imaging accuracy of migration methods, but also take into account the computational efficiency in migration imaging processing. Gao Si beam migration method, as an improved geometric ray migration method in recent years, not only preserves the advantages of ray migration method, but also can deal with the problem of caustic region. The imaging accuracy is much higher than that of Kirchhoff. It is close to the accuracy of single pass wave imaging and has high application prospect and research value. In this paper, we mainly study Gao Si beam migration method in anisotropic media. On the one hand, we extend the application range of Gao Si beam method, on the other hand, we consider its practicability. In order to extend Gao Si beam migration method to anisotropic media, this paper mainly includes the following contents: (1) from the wave equation, the kinematic and dynamic ray tracing equations in isotropic and anisotropic media are derived. This paper introduces the expression and basic properties of Gao Si beam (2) on the basis of previous work, combined with the ray tracing equations of anisotropic medium, the imaging formulas of post-stack Gao Si beam migration and pre-stack Gao Si beam migration in anisotropic media are derived. In order to make full use of the vector characteristics of wave field in multi-component data, this paper starts from the idea of elastic wave Kirchhoff migration method. An imaging formula for multicomponent data in anisotropic media without wave field separation is derived. The feasibility of the method is verified by the experimental calculation of the model. (4) on the basis of the imaging method in this paper, we also discuss the parameter field, the initial beam width, The selection criteria of beam central interval and ray parameter interval and their influence on anisotropic Gao Si beam migration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國石油大學(xué)(華東)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P631.4;P618.13

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