甘孜—玉樹斷裂帶古地震研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-12 09:50
【摘要】：甘孜-玉樹斷裂帶位于隆升與侵蝕作用均較為強(qiáng)烈的青藏高原東北部,為瑪尼-玉樹-鮮水河斷裂系的中段,其與斷裂系中的鮮水河斷裂、則木河斷裂、安寧河斷裂、小江斷裂和大涼山斷裂一起構(gòu)成了順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)的青藏高原南東地塊的北部邊界。本文在對(duì)甘孜-玉樹斷裂帶遙感資料進(jìn)行解釋和分析的基礎(chǔ)上,開展了野外地質(zhì)調(diào)查、微地形測(cè)量和古地震槽勘探等工作,結(jié)合前人的研究成果,對(duì)甘孜玉樹斷裂帶在古地震事件、重復(fù)間隔、滑動(dòng)速率等方面進(jìn)行了分析,獲得了以下幾點(diǎn)認(rèn)識(shí):(1)在構(gòu)造地貌的研究方面,通過野外地質(zhì)調(diào)查、遙感影像解釋和微地形測(cè)量,發(fā)現(xiàn)斷裂帶上有大量的斷層地貌,比如河流沖溝的錯(cuò)切、階地的斷錯(cuò)、以及積水槽谷的受錯(cuò)切封閉等,這些斷錯(cuò)地貌沿?cái)鄬臃植?形成長(zhǎng)近300km的形變帶。(2)在古地震事件的研究方面,立足于在斷裂沿線地區(qū)所開挖的10個(gè)探槽剖面,結(jié)合地層的沉積特征和14C樣品的測(cè)年結(jié)果,分析區(qū)域沉積環(huán)境以及古地震的發(fā)震時(shí)代。分析發(fā)現(xiàn),5000a以來,甘孜-玉樹斷裂帶的南東段在存在三次古地震事件,時(shí)間分別為(1000±30)a BP、(3750±30)a BP、(1050±30)a BP,該段最近一次古地震離逝時(shí)間接近于(1000±30)a BP;斷裂帶中段因缺乏相關(guān)地層的年代數(shù)據(jù),僅能根據(jù)歷史文獻(xiàn)記載,判定一次古地震事件,最近一次古地震時(shí)間為AD(1320±65);北西段探槽資料較為豐富,下拉村組合探槽共揭示7次古地震事件,該段最近一次古地震離逝時(shí)間為AD1896。岔來村探槽共揭示5次古地震事件,該段最近一次古地震離逝時(shí)間為距今(1765±30)aBP。查烏扣探槽共揭示9次古地震事件,該段最近一次古地震離逝時(shí)間為距今(1045±415)aBP。(3)在滑動(dòng)速率的估算中,通過選取甘孜-玉樹斷裂的位錯(cuò)變形數(shù)據(jù)和年代資料,計(jì)算出了13個(gè)地點(diǎn)的滑動(dòng)速率。排除人為因素影響明顯的采集點(diǎn),得到晚第四紀(jì)以來甘孜-玉樹斷裂的左旋滑動(dòng)速率為6.5±2.5、7.2±0.7、8.8±1.2、10.9±2.0、11.3±1.8、12.8±1.7和13.9±1.4mm/a等結(jié)果,其中12~14mm/a的滑動(dòng)速率是利用下階地面的地面采集點(diǎn)獲得的年代數(shù)據(jù)來代替階地坎被位錯(cuò)的年代,因此,測(cè)得的速率值會(huì)偏大許多。橫跨該斷裂的GPS速度剖面表明,該斷裂滑動(dòng)速率為6.6±1.5mm/a。根據(jù)綜合分析,認(rèn)為晚第四紀(jì)以來8.9mm/a的整體滑動(dòng)速率較為接近斷裂帶整體的滑動(dòng)情況。(4)在古地震復(fù)發(fā)間隔方面,結(jié)合由探槽資料和滑動(dòng)速率分析分別獲得的古地震復(fù)發(fā)間隔數(shù)據(jù),分析認(rèn)為,5000a以來,得出了甘孜—玉樹斷裂在甘孜段的大震平均復(fù)發(fā)間隔為(2725±30)a,鄧柯-錯(cuò)阿段的大震平均復(fù)發(fā)間隔為4968a,鄧柯-巴塘段的大震平均復(fù)發(fā)間隔為(1282±220)a,巴塘盆地段的大震平均復(fù)發(fā)間隔為(3555±460)a。
[Abstract]:The Ganzi-Yushu fault zone is located in the northeast of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, which is characterized by strong uplift and erosion, and is the middle part of the Mani-Yushu Xianshuihe fault system, which is associated with the Xianshuihe fault, the Muhe fault and the Anning River fault in the fault system. The Xiaojiang fault and the Daliangshan fault together form the northern boundary of the south east block of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau which rotates clockwise. Based on the interpretation and analysis of remote sensing data in the Ganzi-Yushu fault zone, field geological survey, microtopography survey and paleoseismic trough exploration are carried out in this paper. Based on the analysis of paleoearthquake events, repetition intervals and slip rates in the Ganzi Yushu fault zone, the following conclusions have been obtained: (1) in the study of tectonic landforms, field geological surveys have been carried out. Remote sensing image interpretation and microtopographic survey show that there are a large number of fault landforms in the fault zone, such as the fault of river gully, the fault of terrace, and the block of water trough valley. These fault landforms are distributed along the fault. Forming a deformation zone near 300km. (2) in the study of paleoearthquake events, based on 10 trench sections excavated along the fault line, combined with the sedimentary characteristics of the strata and the dating results of 14C samples, The regional sedimentary environment and the seismogenic age of paleoearthquakes are analyzed. It is found that there are three paleoearthquakes in the eastern section of the Ganzi-Yushu fault zone since 5000 years, the time of which is (1000 鹵30) a BP, (, 3750 鹵30) a BP, (, 1050 鹵30) a BP, respectively). The last paleoearthquake is close to (1000 鹵30) a BP;). Due to the lack of age data of relevant strata in the middle part of the fault zone, only a paleoearthquake event can be determined according to the historical documents. The last paleoearthquake time is AD (1320 鹵65). The north west section is rich in data. The Dachaocun assemblage trough reveals 7 paleoearthquakes. The last paleoearthquake in this section is AD1896.. A total of 5 paleoearthquake events were revealed in Chalaicun grooves. The last paleo-earthquake in this segment was (1765 鹵30) aBP.. A total of 9 paleoearthquake events were revealed by Chawukuan trench. The last paleo-earthquake passing time was (1045 鹵415) aBP. (3). In the estimation of slip rate, the dislocation deformation data and age data of Ganzi-Yushu fault were selected. The sliding rate of 13 sites was calculated. The results of left-lateral slip rate of Ganzi-Yushu fault since late Quaternary are 6.5 鹵2.5 鹵7.2 鹵0.710. 8 鹵1. 2 鹵2. 0 10. 3 鹵1. 8 鹵1. 8 鹵1. 8 鹵1. 7 and 13. 9 鹵1.4mm/a. The slip rate of 12~14mm/a is to use the age data obtained from the ground sampling points of the lower terrace to replace the age when the terraces are dislocated, so the measured rate value will be much larger. The GPS velocity profile across the fault shows that the slip rate of the fault is 6.6 鹵1.5mm / a. According to the comprehensive analysis, it is considered that the overall slip rate of 8.9mm/a since the late Quaternary is closer to that of the whole fault zone. (4) in terms of the recurrence interval of paleoearthquakes, Based on the recrudescence interval data of paleoearthquakes obtained from trough data and slip rate analysis, it is concluded that the average recurrence interval of large earthquakes in the Ganzi-Yushu fault section is (2725 鹵30) a since 5000 years ago. The average recurrence interval of large earthquakes in Dengke-Kaoa segment is 4968 a, that of large earthquakes in Dengke-Batang section is (1282 鹵220a) a, and that of large earthquakes in Batang basin is (3555 鹵460A) a.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P315.2
本文編號(hào)：2374357
[Abstract]:The Ganzi-Yushu fault zone is located in the northeast of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, which is characterized by strong uplift and erosion, and is the middle part of the Mani-Yushu Xianshuihe fault system, which is associated with the Xianshuihe fault, the Muhe fault and the Anning River fault in the fault system. The Xiaojiang fault and the Daliangshan fault together form the northern boundary of the south east block of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau which rotates clockwise. Based on the interpretation and analysis of remote sensing data in the Ganzi-Yushu fault zone, field geological survey, microtopography survey and paleoseismic trough exploration are carried out in this paper. Based on the analysis of paleoearthquake events, repetition intervals and slip rates in the Ganzi Yushu fault zone, the following conclusions have been obtained: (1) in the study of tectonic landforms, field geological surveys have been carried out. Remote sensing image interpretation and microtopographic survey show that there are a large number of fault landforms in the fault zone, such as the fault of river gully, the fault of terrace, and the block of water trough valley. These fault landforms are distributed along the fault. Forming a deformation zone near 300km. (2) in the study of paleoearthquake events, based on 10 trench sections excavated along the fault line, combined with the sedimentary characteristics of the strata and the dating results of 14C samples, The regional sedimentary environment and the seismogenic age of paleoearthquakes are analyzed. It is found that there are three paleoearthquakes in the eastern section of the Ganzi-Yushu fault zone since 5000 years, the time of which is (1000 鹵30) a BP, (, 3750 鹵30) a BP, (, 1050 鹵30) a BP, respectively). The last paleoearthquake is close to (1000 鹵30) a BP;). Due to the lack of age data of relevant strata in the middle part of the fault zone, only a paleoearthquake event can be determined according to the historical documents. The last paleoearthquake time is AD (1320 鹵65). The north west section is rich in data. The Dachaocun assemblage trough reveals 7 paleoearthquakes. The last paleoearthquake in this section is AD1896.. A total of 5 paleoearthquake events were revealed in Chalaicun grooves. The last paleo-earthquake in this segment was (1765 鹵30) aBP.. A total of 9 paleoearthquake events were revealed by Chawukuan trench. The last paleo-earthquake passing time was (1045 鹵415) aBP. (3). In the estimation of slip rate, the dislocation deformation data and age data of Ganzi-Yushu fault were selected. The sliding rate of 13 sites was calculated. The results of left-lateral slip rate of Ganzi-Yushu fault since late Quaternary are 6.5 鹵2.5 鹵7.2 鹵0.710. 8 鹵1. 2 鹵2. 0 10. 3 鹵1. 8 鹵1. 8 鹵1. 8 鹵1. 7 and 13. 9 鹵1.4mm/a. The slip rate of 12~14mm/a is to use the age data obtained from the ground sampling points of the lower terrace to replace the age when the terraces are dislocated, so the measured rate value will be much larger. The GPS velocity profile across the fault shows that the slip rate of the fault is 6.6 鹵1.5mm / a. According to the comprehensive analysis, it is considered that the overall slip rate of 8.9mm/a since the late Quaternary is closer to that of the whole fault zone. (4) in terms of the recurrence interval of paleoearthquakes, Based on the recrudescence interval data of paleoearthquakes obtained from trough data and slip rate analysis, it is concluded that the average recurrence interval of large earthquakes in the Ganzi-Yushu fault section is (2725 鹵30) a since 5000 years ago. The average recurrence interval of large earthquakes in Dengke-Kaoa segment is 4968 a, that of large earthquakes in Dengke-Batang section is (1282 鹵220a) a, and that of large earthquakes in Batang basin is (3555 鹵460A) a.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P315.2
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