【摘要】：我國(guó)是世界上泥石流災(zāi)害最嚴(yán)重的國(guó)家之一，泥石流發(fā)生之處，建筑物坍塌、農(nóng)田損毀，造成嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失和人員傷亡。近年來(lái)，隨著人口的不斷增加和經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展，人類對(duì)土地過量的開發(fā)利用更使得生態(tài)環(huán)境嚴(yán)重惡化，水土大面積流失，最終導(dǎo)致各種地質(zhì)災(zāi)害頻發(fā)。吉林省東南部是泥石流高發(fā)區(qū)，根據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，全省自1990年以來(lái)共發(fā)生泥石流56起。吉林省泥石流的防治工作迫在眉睫，泥石流預(yù)報(bào)預(yù)警研究具有重要意義。暴雨洪水是誘發(fā)泥石流的關(guān)鍵因素。吉林省處于中緯度地帶，屬于溫帶大陸性季風(fēng)氣候，降水主要集中在汛期或主汛期，暴雨洪水頻發(fā)，因此，分析吉林省誘發(fā)泥石流的暴雨洪水特征，對(duì)于泥石流的預(yù)報(bào)預(yù)警研究具有參考價(jià)值。 本文首先利用地理信息系統(tǒng)對(duì)吉林省泥石流事件多發(fā)區(qū)的地形地貌、地質(zhì)條件、土壤類型和土地利用情況進(jìn)行綜合分析，研究泥石流發(fā)生區(qū)的地質(zhì)地貌條件和土壤類型等指標(biāo)特征，研究表明，吉林省泥石流易發(fā)區(qū)高程一般在165~1000m，少部分地區(qū)可以達(dá)到2000m以上；坡度一般在15°~50°；土壤類型主要為弱發(fā)育的淋溶土、漂白淋溶土、潛育黑土、飽和始成土、人為土和弱發(fā)育暗色土；土地利用類型多樣，包括旱地、農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)、林地、水田、低覆蓋度草地及裸巖石礫地等。根據(jù)泥石流易發(fā)區(qū)的自然地理特征繪制吉林省泥石流易發(fā)區(qū)分布圖。進(jìn)而，通過對(duì)專家評(píng)分法、正態(tài)分布法和二元比較法等三種方法比較分析，選擇適宜方法將泥石流易發(fā)區(qū)自然地理特征指標(biāo)進(jìn)行定量化處理。最后，采用自組織映射聚類和基于灰色聚類的優(yōu)選排序等方法，，通過在時(shí)間和空間尺度上系統(tǒng)研究降雨與泥石流二者間的相關(guān)關(guān)系，繪制暴雨洪水誘發(fā)泥石流的預(yù)警圖。
[Abstract]:China is one of the most serious debris flow disasters in the world, where debris flow occurs, buildings collapse, farmland is destroyed, causing serious economic losses and casualties. In recent years, with the continuous increase of population and the rapid development of economy, the excessive exploitation and utilization of land by human makes the ecological environment deteriorate seriously, soil and water loss of large area, and eventually lead to frequent occurrence of various geological disasters. According to statistics, 56 debris flows have occurred in southeast Jilin Province since 1990. The prevention and control of debris flow in Jilin Province is urgent, so it is of great significance to study the prediction and early warning of debris flow. Torrential rain and flood are the key factors to induce debris flow. Jilin Province is in the middle latitude zone, belongs to the temperate continental monsoon climate, the precipitation mainly concentrates in the flood season or the main flood season, the rainstorm flood frequently occurs, therefore, analyzes the Jilin Province induced debris flow rainstorm flood characteristic, It has reference value for the study of debris flow prediction and early warning. In this paper, the terrain, geomorphology, geological conditions, soil types and land use of the debris flow event prone areas in Jilin Province are analyzed comprehensively by using the Geographic Information system (GIS). The characteristics of geological and geomorphological conditions and soil types in debris flow occurrence areas are studied. The results show that the height of debris flow prone areas in Jilin Province is generally 165- 1000m, and in a few areas it can reach 2000m or more. The slope is generally between 15 擄and 50 擄. The soil types are mainly weakly developed leached soil, bleached leached soil, latent black soil, saturated soil, artificial soil and weakly developed dark soil. There are many types of land use, including dry land, rural settlements, woodland, paddy field, low coverage grassland and bare rock gravel land. According to the natural geographical characteristics of debris flow prone areas, the distribution map of debris flow prone areas in Jilin Province is drawn. Then, through the comparison and analysis of three methods, the expert scoring method, the normal distribution method and the binary comparison method, a suitable method is selected to quantify the natural geographical characteristics of debris flow prone areas. Finally, by using the methods of self-organizing mapping clustering and optimal sorting based on grey clustering, the correlation between rainfall and debris flow is studied systematically in time and space scale, and the early warning map of debris flow induced by rainstorm and flood is drawn.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P642.23;P426.616

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本文編號(hào)：2361705