【摘要】：本論文是在國土資源大調查項目“鄂爾多斯盆地海流兔河流域生態(tài)水文地質調查”基礎上完成的。生態(tài)水文地質學是綜合生態(tài)學和水文地質學的新興學科,近年來國內外學者對生態(tài)水文地質學從宏觀尺度和微觀尺度進行了深入研究,但從中等流域尺度上還未見論述,本文從中等流域尺度對人類工程活動引發(fā)的生態(tài)水文地質效應展開研究。海流兔河流域位于鄂爾多斯盆地中部,地跨內蒙能源基地和陜北能源基地,氣候環(huán)境屬于典型的干旱半干旱區(qū),區(qū)內地表水資源貧乏,地下水資源相對較為豐富。在經濟社會發(fā)展與能源開發(fā)過程中,如何合理開發(fā)利用水資源和保護生態(tài)環(huán)境是亟待解決的科學問題之一。本文從區(qū)內人類工程對土地開發(fā)利用方式、地下水開發(fā)等活動引起的生態(tài)水文地質效應出發(fā),提出基于生態(tài)環(huán)境友好、社會經濟良性循環(huán)的地下水資源合理開發(fā)利用方案,促進資源開發(fā)與環(huán)境保護的協調發(fā)展。論文首先基于定量遙感的方法獲取了研究區(qū)土地利用現狀、歷史變化,分析了土地利用現狀及歷史演變過程中,不合理開發(fā)利用改變了地下水流場,地下水水位下降。2014年研究區(qū)草地面積比2000年減少7.52×103公頃,減少的草地面積分別轉變?yōu)?.99×103公頃林地,2.34×103公頃建設用地,以及2.21×103公頃的交通用地。與之相對應,地下水位埋深有4.99×103公頃由0-4m變?yōu)榇笥?m;2.34×103公頃地下水位埋深由0-4m轉變?yōu)?-10m;2.21×103公頃地下水位埋深由0-4m增加為大于10m。在查清人類工程活動引起土地利用類型變化、地下水位動態(tài)變化的基礎上,采用當前最為先進的“3S”技術對研究區(qū)生態(tài)植被覆蓋度、植被類型進行了解譯與調查。區(qū)內的植被可分為灘地植被群落、梁地植被群落、沙地植被群落、農作物群落四個植物群落。區(qū)內主要以沙生植被為主,低濕植被為輔,沙生植被面積達1591.8km2,占總面積的61.12%;低濕植被為178.48kkm2,占全域面積的6.85%。由于人類工程改變了原有水文循環(huán)平衡,使水文地質條件也發(fā)生了改變,生態(tài)植被系統對此及時做出了反應。根據地下水變化規(guī)律和生態(tài)植被系統響應分析結果,研究區(qū)應進行科學合理規(guī)劃、調整土地利用方式,實現經濟發(fā)展與生態(tài)水文環(huán)境相協調發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:This paper is completed on the basis of the large investigation project of land and resources, Eco-Hydrogeology Survey of the Tuhe River Basin in Ordos Basin. Eco-hydrogeology is a new subject of comprehensive ecology and hydrogeology. In recent years, scholars at home and abroad have made in-depth research on eco-hydrogeology from macro and micro scale, but it has not been discussed on the scale of middle watershed. In this paper, the eco-hydrogeological effects caused by human engineering activities are studied on the scale of middle watershed. The Hailiu River Basin is located in the middle of Ordos Basin, which spans the Inner Mongolia energy base and the northern Shaanxi energy base. The climate environment belongs to a typical arid and semi-arid region, the surface water resources are poor, and the groundwater resources are relatively rich. In the process of economic and social development and energy development, how to rationally develop and utilize water resources and protect ecological environment is one of the scientific problems to be solved urgently. Based on the eco-hydrogeological effects caused by the land exploitation and utilization mode and groundwater exploitation of human engineering in the region, this paper puts forward a reasonable exploitation and utilization scheme of groundwater resources based on the eco-environment friendly and social economic virtuous circle. To promote the coordinated development of resources and environmental protection. Firstly, based on the method of quantitative remote sensing, the present situation and historical change of land use in the study area are obtained, and the unreasonable exploitation and utilization change the groundwater flow field in the process of land use and historical evolution. In 2014, the grassland area in the study area was 7.52 脳 10 ~ 3 hectares less than that in 2000, and the grassland area decreased to 4.99 脳 10 ~ 3 hectares of woodland, 2.34 脳 10 ~ 3 hectares of construction land and 2.21 脳 10 ~ 3 hectares of traffic land respectively. Correspondingly, 4.99 脳 10 ~ 3 ha of groundwater level has changed from 0-4 m to 2.34 脳 10 ~ 3 ha from 0-4 m to 2.21 脳 10 ~ 3 ha from 0-4 m to 2.21 脳 10 3 ha from 0-4 m to more than 10 m. Based on the investigation of land use type change and groundwater level dynamic change caused by human engineering activities, the most advanced "3s" technique is used to interpret and investigate the ecological vegetation coverage and vegetation types in the study area. The vegetation in the area can be divided into four plant communities: beach vegetation community, Liang land vegetation community, sandy land vegetation community and crop community. The area of sandy vegetation is 1591.8 km ~ 2, accounting for 61.12% of the total area, and low humidity vegetation is 178.48 km ~ 2, accounting for 6.85% of the total area. Since the original hydrological cycle balance has been changed by human engineering, the hydrogeological conditions have also been changed, and the ecological vegetation system has responded to this problem in a timely manner. According to the law of groundwater change and the result of response analysis of ecological vegetation system, the study area should carry out scientific and reasonable planning, adjust the land use mode, and realize the coordinated development of economic development and ecological hydrological environment.
【學位授予單位】：中國地質大學(北京)
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P641.8

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