【摘要】：地震是造成人民生命和財(cái)產(chǎn)損失的最嚴(yán)重的自然災(zāi)害之一,地震災(zāi)害中建筑物的破壞信息對(duì)救災(zāi)和重建工作至關(guān)重要。遙感技術(shù)能夠客觀高效地獲取大范圍災(zāi)情信息,已經(jīng)成為地震應(yīng)急以及震害信息調(diào)查工作最重要的信息獲取途徑。目前,用于獲取災(zāi)情信息的遙感傳感器主要有兩種,一是被動(dòng)觀測(cè)地物反射和輻射特性的光學(xué)傳感器(光學(xué)遙感),另一種是主動(dòng)發(fā)射微波的SAR傳感器(雷達(dá)遙感)。高分辨率光學(xué)影像可用于詳細(xì)評(píng)估地面災(zāi)情,但是不適用于云雪天氣地區(qū)。而雷達(dá)遙感具有全天候全天時(shí)的特點(diǎn),可以彌補(bǔ)光學(xué)遙感的不足。近年來(lái),三維激光掃描技術(shù)(LiDAR)也被用于震后建筑物評(píng)估中,它可以獲取地面精確的真三維點(diǎn)云,得到建筑物高程信息。不同的遙感數(shù)據(jù)源具有各自優(yōu)勢(shì),將其聯(lián)合起來(lái)可以更好地分析震害建筑物成像機(jī)理,提高震害建筑物提取精度。本文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容是多源遙感數(shù)據(jù)建筑物震害信息聯(lián)合分析與提取。建筑物震害信息在不同數(shù)據(jù)源中具有不同的表現(xiàn)特征,對(duì)其進(jìn)行總結(jié)并定量分析可以有效地用于建筑物震害信息提取中；光學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)和LiDAR數(shù)據(jù)直觀,可以用于輔助SAR圖像解譯,更好地對(duì)建筑物震害在SAR數(shù)據(jù)中的表現(xiàn)形式進(jìn)行定量分析；多源數(shù)據(jù)特征豐富了面向?qū)ο筇崛〉姆椒?并為震后快速評(píng)估提供了保障。主要開(kāi)展的研究工作如下：(1)總結(jié)了震害建筑物在光學(xué)、SAR、LiDAR數(shù)據(jù)中的不同表現(xiàn)特征。以都江堰為試驗(yàn)區(qū),建立房屋樣本庫(kù),對(duì)特征參量進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì),比較不同數(shù)據(jù)源統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果的差異,為基于多特征融合的震害建筑物提取奠定基礎(chǔ)。(2)展開(kāi)了建筑物震害多源數(shù)據(jù)聯(lián)合分析。根據(jù)SAR建筑物成像的不同幾何模型,輔以光學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)、矢量和照片等,對(duì)樣本庫(kù)中建筑物SAR圖像特征進(jìn)行分析；對(duì)典型LiDAR點(diǎn)云建筑物進(jìn)行剖面分析,對(duì)其形變進(jìn)行定量研究,并分析其在對(duì)應(yīng)SAR圖像上的表現(xiàn)形式。(3)利用多源數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行面向?qū)ο蟮慕ㄖ镎鸷π畔⑻崛。豪霉鈱W(xué)和LiDAR數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行基于多特征融合的建筑物信息提�。焕谜鸷蠊鈱W(xué)、LiDAR數(shù)據(jù)分別對(duì)震后建筑物進(jìn)行快速面向?qū)ο筇崛?獲得優(yōu)于單一提取方法精度的震后快速評(píng)估方法。
[Abstract]:Earthquake is one of the most serious natural disasters that cause the loss of people's lives and property. The damage information of buildings in earthquake disaster is very important for disaster relief and reconstruction. Remote sensing has become the most important information acquisition method for earthquake emergency and earthquake disaster information investigation, which can obtain disaster information objectively and efficiently. At present, there are mainly two kinds of remote sensing sensors for obtaining disaster information, one is optical sensor (optical remote sensing) for passive observation of reflectance and radiation characteristics of ground objects, the other is SAR sensor (radar remote sensing) for active microwave emission. High-resolution optical images can be used to assess ground damage in detail, but not in cloud and snow weather areas. Radar remote sensing has the characteristics of all-weather and all-day, which can make up for the deficiency of optical remote sensing. In recent years, 3D laser scanning technology (LiDAR) has also been used in post-earthquake building assessment, which can obtain accurate 3D point cloud and obtain building elevation information. Different remote sensing data sources have their own advantages. Combining them can better analyze the imaging mechanism of seismic damage buildings and improve the extraction accuracy of seismic damage buildings. The main research content of this paper is the joint analysis and extraction of earthquake damage information of multi-source remote sensing data buildings. The information of building earthquake damage has different characteristics in different data sources, which can be effectively used to extract the information of building earthquake damage by summarizing and quantitatively analyzing it. The optical data and the LiDAR data are intuitionistic and can be used to aid the interpretation of SAR images and to better quantitatively analyze the manifestation of building earthquake damage in SAR data. The feature of multi-source data enriches the method of object-oriented extraction and provides a guarantee for rapid assessment after earthquake. The main research works are as follows: (1) the different characteristics of seismic damage buildings in optical and SAR,LiDAR data are summarized. Taking Dujiangyan as the experimental area, the house sample bank is established, the characteristic parameters are counted, and the statistical results of different data sources are compared. It lays a foundation for the extraction of earthquake damage building based on multi-feature fusion. (2) the joint analysis of multi-source data of building damage is carried out. According to the different geometric models of SAR building imaging, with the help of optical data, vector and photo, the features of building SAR images in the sample database are analyzed. The typical LiDAR point cloud buildings are analyzed and their deformation is studied quantitatively. And analyze its representation on the corresponding SAR image. (3) using multi-source data to extract the information of building damage; using optical and LiDAR data to extract building information based on multi-feature fusion; Based on the post-earthquake optics and LiDAR data, a fast post-earthquake evaluation method is obtained, which is better than the single extraction method in fast object-oriented extraction of buildings after the earthquake.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地震局地殼應(yīng)力研究所
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P315.9

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本文編號(hào)：2335661