【摘要】：遙感地質是有效利用最先進的遙感技術研究地質變化規(guī)律的學科,是區(qū)域化地質填圖和礦產(chǎn)勘查的有效方法之一。它是在各種地上物質對電磁輻射有不同反應的基礎上,主要用遙感的方法研究構造、巖性、蝕變等信息的解譯,并結合其他相關資料,以達到分析、判斷、識別一定地區(qū)內(nèi)地質規(guī)律的目的。區(qū)域性地質構造解譯,特別是環(huán)形構造與線性構造的解譯是地質勘查前期的主要參考;區(qū)域性巖性信息的提取是地質勘查中后期的必要內(nèi)容。本文以新疆西天山地區(qū)的查崗諾爾--智博--敦德--備戰(zhàn)一帶為研究區(qū),以Landsat-7、Landsat-8和Google Earth等多源遙感數(shù)據(jù)為依托,整合野外采集GPS點數(shù)據(jù)及實測巖石光譜數(shù)據(jù),結合遙感地質相關理論,綜合其它物化探等信息,重點研究了構造信息和巖性信息的提取,并進行了相關信息對應分析及找礦遠景區(qū)預測。主要研究成果如下:(1)對遙感圖像進行預處理。通過圖像的幾何校正,基于Flaash變換的大氣糾正,基于小波HIS變換的圖像融合,圖像的鑲嵌和裁剪,基于光譜變換的圖像增強,得到更適合進行構造和巖性信息提取的遙感影像。(2)構造信息解譯。在預處理后的ETM+影像基礎上,借助ArcScene軟件平臺生成了模擬三維遙感影像圖,結合構造地質學理論,野外調(diào)研對構造的認識,研究區(qū)地理背景及其他相關地質資料,解譯出了多條大中型的線性構造和多個典型的環(huán)形構造。(3)巖石光譜信息與影像灰度值對應分析。通過成像光譜儀通道重采樣等方法對研究區(qū)幾種典型巖石光譜進行處理分析。在預處理后的OLI影像基礎上,提取研究區(qū)這幾種典型巖石不同波段的灰度值,并通過影像灰度值的平均、歸一化等方法進行處理分析。同時運用了一種特征信息提取的方法(對應分析法),對巖石光譜和影像灰度值之間的相互關系進行了探究。最后運用SPSS軟件對重采樣后的光譜曲線和歸一化后的影像灰度值曲線進行線性回歸分析,并擬合出了最佳回歸模型。(4)面向對象的巖性解譯。在巖石光譜與影像灰度值對應分析的基礎上,結合巖石的紋理、構造、顏色、結構、成分、膠結物及膠結類型等信息,對研究區(qū)進行區(qū)域巖性分類,并與對應地質圖比對驗證分析。(5)成礦遠景區(qū)預測。結合構造、巖性、物探、化探、相關地質背景、Google earth影像等信息,對研究區(qū)進行綜合異常標志分析并預測成礦遠景區(qū)。
[Abstract]:Remote sensing geology is one of the most effective methods of regional geological mapping and mineral exploration, which can effectively use the most advanced remote sensing technology to study the law of geological change. On the basis of the different reactions of various aboveground materials to electromagnetic radiation, it mainly uses remote sensing methods to study the interpretation of structural, lithologic, alteration and other information, and combines other relevant data to achieve analysis and judgment. The purpose of identifying geological laws in a certain area. The interpretation of regional geological structure, especially the interpretation of ring structure and linear structure, is the main reference in the early stage of geological exploration, and the extraction of regional lithologic information is the necessary content in the middle and late period of geological exploration. In this paper, based on the multi-source remote sensing data such as Landsat-7,Landsat-8, Google Earth and other remote sensing data, this paper integrates the field GPS data and the measured rock spectral data based on the study area of Chagannul, Zhibo and Dunde-Preparedness area in the West Tianshan area of Xinjiang, and based on the multi-source remote sensing data such as Landsat-7,Landsat-8 and Google Earth. Combined with the theory of remote sensing geology and other geophysical and geochemical exploration information, the extraction of structure information and lithologic information is studied, and the corresponding analysis of relevant information and the prediction of prospecting area are carried out. The main research results are as follows: (1) preprocessing remote sensing image. Through image geometric correction, atmospheric correction based on Flaash transform, image fusion based on wavelet HIS transform, image mosaic and clipping, image enhancement based on spectral transformation. Remote sensing images which are more suitable for structural and lithologic information extraction are obtained. (2) structural information interpretation. On the basis of preprocessed ETM images, the simulated 3D remote sensing images are generated with the help of ArcScene software platform. Combined with the theory of tectonic geology, the understanding of structure, the geographical background of the study area and other related geological data, Several large and medium-sized linear structures and several typical ring structures are derived. (3) the corresponding analysis of the spectral information of rock and the gray value of image. Several typical rock spectra in the study area were processed and analyzed by imaging spectrometer channel resampling. Based on the pre-processed OLI images, the gray values of these typical rock bands in the study area are extracted, and processed and analyzed by means of the average and normalized gray values of the images. At the same time, a method of feature information extraction (correspondence analysis) is used to explore the relationship between the spectrum of rock and the gray value of image. Finally, the linear regression analysis of the spectral curve and the normalized image gray value curve after resampling is carried out by using SPSS software, and the best regression model is fitted. (4) Object-Oriented lithology interpretation. On the basis of the correspondence analysis of rock spectrum and image gray value, combined with the information of texture, structure, color, structure, composition, cementation and cementation type of rock, this paper classifies the regional lithology of the study area. And compared with the corresponding geological map verification analysis. (5) metallogenic area prediction. Combined with the information of structure, lithology, geophysical exploration, geochemical exploration and related geological background, Google earth image, the study area is analyzed with comprehensive anomaly markers and the metallogenic area is predicted.
【學位授予單位】：長安大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P627

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本文編號：2333519