【摘要】：隨著我國西部大開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略的部署和實(shí)施,西部地區(qū)交通建設(shè)成為了重要的一環(huán)。華鎣山位于四川盆地東北部,是橫亙于達(dá)州市西部的天塹,由于其特殊的地理位置,為南充、廣安、達(dá)州三市的溝通交流增加了較大的難度,因此以隧道的方式穿越華鎣山北部地區(qū)最為直接便利。華鎣山北部地區(qū)的地層以三疊系和侏羅系為主,特別是三疊系中統(tǒng)雷口坡組和下統(tǒng)嘉陵江組地層以碳酸鹽巖為主,從而造成巖溶現(xiàn)象非常發(fā)育,導(dǎo)致該區(qū)域地下水系統(tǒng)較為復(fù)雜多變。本文以華鎣山北部地區(qū)地質(zhì)條件和南大梁高速公路華鎣山隧道涌水特征為基礎(chǔ),分析總結(jié)研究區(qū)內(nèi)巖溶的發(fā)育特征、分布特征等,在水文地質(zhì)的基礎(chǔ)上分析該區(qū)內(nèi)主要的滲流方式及其影響范圍,結(jié)合該區(qū)內(nèi)地下水滲流特征,分析華鎣山北部地區(qū)地下水系統(tǒng)對隧道涌水造成的影響,得出的主要結(jié)論如下:(1)研究區(qū)水文條件較為復(fù)雜,區(qū)域降水豐富,區(qū)域地形地貌形成良好的匯水空間,構(gòu)造運(yùn)動導(dǎo)致地層破碎,碳酸鹽巖為巖溶發(fā)育提供基礎(chǔ),巖溶發(fā)育且成因多元,受構(gòu)造、巖性、地形地貌等多種因素控制,各因素間也存在一定的關(guān)聯(lián),最終為地下水滲流提供了有利條件。(2)研究區(qū)的巖組含水類型可分為深埋藏型巖溶水、碳酸鹽巖類的裂隙溶洞水及碎屑巖類孔隙裂隙水三種類型,而其中最主要的是碳酸鹽巖類的裂隙溶洞水。其中,嘉陵江組和須家河組底部是區(qū)域富水性最好的巖組。研究區(qū)不同的可溶巖類的層序組合,使得其巖溶發(fā)育差異較大,大流量水點(diǎn)主要位于T2l和T1j的底部,形成集中排泄區(qū)。(3)研究區(qū)水文地質(zhì)情況復(fù)雜,涌水組成也十分復(fù)雜,主要是由區(qū)域降水、溶洞水、地下暗河、碎屑巖類裂隙孔隙水等多種水體組成。地表徑流、裂隙水、地下溶洞水、地下暗河及其他水體為隧道涌水的直接水源。(4)通過研究調(diào)查和數(shù)據(jù)分析,確定了研究區(qū)隧道涌水因素,包括區(qū)域降水、地表徑流、地形地貌、地層巖性、地質(zhì)構(gòu)造等。采用正交法對隧道涌水因素進(jìn)行了敏感性分析,確定了區(qū)域降水為影響隧道涌水最主要的因素。(5)運(yùn)用Flow-3D流體模擬軟件,對隧道開挖前后以及預(yù)期治理措施進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,確定在隧道開挖前后地下水滲流的變化情況與程度,得出在研究區(qū)形成新的排泄基準(zhǔn)面后,地下水滲流流量和流速均出現(xiàn)大幅度增加,進(jìn)而引起隧道涌水量的增大。通過模擬在地表進(jìn)行堵漏操作后地下水的滲流情況,確定在研究區(qū)進(jìn)行地表堵漏是一種較為可行的方法。(6)根據(jù)研究區(qū)地下水系統(tǒng)特征及華鎣山隧道涌水特征,提出一些研究區(qū)隧道建設(shè)中的堵治水建議。
[Abstract]:With the deployment and implementation of the western development strategy, traffic construction in the western region has become an important part. Huaying Mountain is located in the northeast of Sichuan Basin. It is a natural graben in the western part of Dazhou City. Because of its special geographical location, it makes communication and exchange between Nanchong, Guangan, and Dazhou more difficult. Therefore, it is most convenient to tunnel through the northern part of Huaying Mountain. The strata in the northern Huayingshan area are dominated by Triassic and Jurassic, especially by carbonate rocks in the middle Triassic Leikoupo formation and the Lower Jialingjiang formation, resulting in the development of karst phenomena. The groundwater system in this area is complex and changeable. Based on the geological conditions in the northern part of Huaying Mountain and the characteristics of water gushing in Huayingshan Tunnel of Nandaliang Expressway, this paper analyzes and summarizes the characteristics of karst development and distribution in the study area. On the basis of hydrogeology, the main seepage modes and their influence range in this area are analyzed. Combined with the seepage characteristics of groundwater in this area, the influence of groundwater system on tunnel water inflow in the northern part of Huaying Mountain is analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the hydrological conditions in the study area are relatively complex, the region is rich in precipitation, the regional topography and geomorphology form a good catchment space, the tectonic movement leads to formation fragmentation, and carbonate rocks provide the basis for karst development. Karst is developed and has multiple genesis, which is controlled by many factors, such as structure, lithology, topography and geomorphology. Finally, it provides favorable conditions for groundwater seepage. (2) the water bearing types of rock formation in the study area can be divided into three types: deep buried karst water, carbonate rock fissure cave water and clastic rock pore fissure water. Among them, the most important is the carbonate rock fissure cavern water. The bottom of Jialingjiang formation and Xujiahe formation is the best water-rich rock formation in the region. The sequence assemblages of different soluble rocks in the study area make the karst development different, and the large discharge water points are mainly located at the bottom of T2l and T1j, forming a concentrated drainage area. (3) the hydrogeological conditions and the water gushing composition in the study area are complex, too. It is mainly composed of regional precipitation, cave water, underground river, clastic rock fissure pore water and so on. Surface runoff, fissure water, underground cave water, underground river and other water bodies are the direct sources of tunnel water gushing. (4) through investigation and data analysis, the factors of tunnel water inflow in the study area are determined, including regional precipitation, surface runoff, etc. Landform, stratigraphic lithology, geological structure, etc. The sensitivity analysis of tunnel water gushing factors is carried out by orthogonal method, and the regional precipitation is determined as the most important factor affecting tunnel water inflow. (5) Flow-3D fluid simulation software is used. Numerical simulation is carried out on the tunnel before and after excavation as well as the expected treatment measures to determine the variation and extent of groundwater seepage before and after the tunnel excavation. After the formation of a new discharge datum level in the study area, The seepage flow and velocity of groundwater increase greatly, which leads to the increase of tunnel inflow. By simulating the seepage situation of groundwater after plugging operation on the surface of the earth's surface, it is determined that the method of surface plugging is a more feasible method in the study area. (6) according to the characteristics of groundwater system in the study area and the characteristics of water gushing in Huaying Mountain Tunnel, Some suggestions on water plugging in tunnel construction in the study area are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U453.61;P641.6

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