【摘要】：饒陽(yáng)凹陷是中國(guó)重要的油氣生產(chǎn)基地,其中深層沙河街組碎屑巖層系更是當(dāng)前油氣勘探的熱點(diǎn)。但沙河街組儲(chǔ)集層埋深大,成巖演化過(guò)程復(fù)雜,油氣勘探理論尚不完善。因此針對(duì)饒陽(yáng)凹陷儲(chǔ)層發(fā)育機(jī)理,尤其是致密背景下優(yōu)質(zhì)儲(chǔ)層發(fā)育機(jī)理及分布規(guī)律的研究,對(duì)于饒陽(yáng)凹陷的中深層勘探具有實(shí)際參考價(jià)值。本文基于鉆井、錄井、巖心、薄片以及前人的研究成果,探討了層序地層格架下沙河街組優(yōu)質(zhì)儲(chǔ)層的發(fā)育模式,建立了一套適用于研究區(qū)的測(cè)井成巖相識(shí)別標(biāo)準(zhǔn),揭示了優(yōu)質(zhì)儲(chǔ)層的發(fā)育機(jī)理與主控因素。研究結(jié)果表明饒陽(yáng)凹陷沙河街組三段整體上為1個(gè)二級(jí)層序,可進(jìn)一步細(xì)分出3個(gè)三級(jí)層序,每一個(gè)完整的三級(jí)層序均發(fā)育低位、湖侵和高位體系域。層序界面控制了界面之下砂體的溶蝕作用和碳酸鹽膠結(jié)作用,但并未構(gòu)成流體運(yùn)移的優(yōu)勢(shì)通道,從而促進(jìn)界面之上砂體的溶蝕作用。低位體系域砂泥混雜,抗壓實(shí)能力差,原生孔隙不易保存,且早期碳酸鹽膠結(jié)物易從過(guò)飽和的堿性水體中沉淀。湖侵體系域砂巖粒度細(xì),但分選較好,早成巖階段原生孔隙可得到一定保存,且與烴源巖直接接觸,易于接受有機(jī)酸溶蝕形成次生孔隙。高位體系域砂巖顆粒較粗、分選好,沉積物抗壓實(shí)能力強(qiáng),埋藏相對(duì)較淺,原生孔隙容易保存,且受上覆層序界面影響,在成巖早期接受大氣淡水淋濾形成次生孔隙,加之后期有機(jī)酸的充注可進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)其溶蝕,因而儲(chǔ)層質(zhì)量最好。建立了不同體系域砂巖經(jīng)歷的同生成巖、早成巖和中成巖階段的成巖演化模式,指出了層序地層格架內(nèi)的成巖作用特征,可實(shí)現(xiàn)優(yōu)質(zhì)儲(chǔ)層的對(duì)比追蹤。此外,砂巖儲(chǔ)層成巖作用和成巖相特征的研究表明沙三段砂巖儲(chǔ)層經(jīng)歷了壓實(shí)、膠結(jié)、溶蝕和破裂等成巖作用,現(xiàn)今正處于中成巖A期。根據(jù)成巖作用類(lèi)型、強(qiáng)度和成巖礦物等,儲(chǔ)層成巖相被劃分為壓實(shí)致密、粘土礦物充填、碳酸鹽巖膠結(jié)、不穩(wěn)定組分溶蝕和中等壓實(shí)弱膠結(jié)5種成巖相類(lèi)型。建立了各成巖相的測(cè)井識(shí)別標(biāo)準(zhǔn),實(shí)現(xiàn)了單井縱向上成巖相的識(shí)別與劃分,明確了中等壓實(shí)弱膠結(jié)相和不穩(wěn)定組分溶蝕相為兩種建設(shè)型成巖相。中等壓實(shí)弱膠結(jié)相發(fā)育層段,一般表現(xiàn)為低GR、中—高聲波時(shí)差的特征,電阻率變化范圍較大。而不穩(wěn)定組分溶蝕相則表現(xiàn)為低GR和電阻率變化范圍大的特征,其聲波時(shí)差值一般表現(xiàn)為中等。闡明了饒陽(yáng)凹陷中深層異常高孔儲(chǔ)層的成因機(jī)理,指出高成份和結(jié)構(gòu)成熟度、早期油氣充注、孔隙流體超壓發(fā)育及溶蝕作用是優(yōu)質(zhì)儲(chǔ)層發(fā)育的主要控制因素。
[Abstract]:Raoyang sag is an important oil and gas production base in China. However, the reservoir depth of Shahejie formation is large, the diagenetic evolution process is complicated, and the oil and gas exploration theory is not perfect. Therefore, the study on the mechanism of reservoir development, especially the development mechanism and distribution of high-quality reservoirs in Raoyang sag, has practical reference value for the exploration of middle and deep layers in Raoyang sag. Based on drilling, logging, core, thin slice and previous research results, this paper discusses the development model of high quality reservoir of Xiasha River formation in sequence stratigraphic framework, and sets up a set of criteria for identifying diagenetic facies of logging in the study area. The development mechanism and main controlling factors of high quality reservoir are revealed. The results show that the third member of Shahejie formation in Raoyang sag is a second-order sequence, which can be further subdivided into three third-order sequences, each of which is low, lacustrine transgressive and high-level system tracts. The sequence interface controls the dissolution of sand bodies and carbonate cementation under the interface, but does not constitute a dominant channel for fluid migration, thus promoting the dissolution of sand bodies above the interface. The sand and mud of low system tract are mixed, the compaction ability is poor, the primary pore is not easy to be preserved, and the early carbonate cementation is easy to precipitate from the supersaturated alkaline water. The granularity of the sandstone in the lacustrine transgressive system tract is fine, but the separation is good. The primary pores can be preserved in the early diagenetic stage, and they are in direct contact with the source rock, so it is easy to accept organic acid dissolution to form secondary pores. In the upper system tract, the sandstone grains are coarse and well sorted, the sediments have strong compaction resistance, relatively shallow burial, easy preservation of primary pores, and influenced by the upper layer sequence interface, the secondary pores are formed in the early diagenetic stage by atmospheric fresh water leaching. In addition, the late filling of organic acid can further promote its dissolution, so the reservoir quality is the best. The diagenetic evolution models of syngenic, early and middle diagenetic stages of sandstone in different system tracts are established, and the diagenesis characteristics in sequence stratigraphic framework are pointed out, which can realize the correlation and tracing of high quality reservoirs. In addition, the study of diagenesis and diagenetic facies of sandstone reservoir shows that the sandstone reservoir of formation 3 has undergone diagenesis, such as compaction, cementation, dissolution and fracture, and is now in stage A of middle diagenesis. According to diagenesis types, strength and diagenetic minerals, diagenetic facies are divided into five diagenetic facies: compaction, clay mineral filling, carbonate rock cementation, unstable component dissolution and medium compaction weak cementation. The logging identification standard of each diagenetic facies is established, and the diagenetic facies in single well are identified and divided. It is clear that the medium compacted weak cemented facies and the unstable component dissolution facies are two constructive diagenetic facies. The middle compacted weakly cemented phase developed layer is generally characterized by a low GR, medium to high acoustic time difference and a large range of resistivity changes. The unstable component corrosion phase is characterized by low GR and wide range of resistivity variation, and the acoustic time difference is generally medium. The genetic mechanism of abnormal high porosity reservoir in middle and deep depth in Raoyang sag is expounded. It is pointed out that high composition and structural maturity, early oil and gas filling, overpressure development of pore fluid and dissolution are the main controlling factors for the development of high quality reservoir.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)石油大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P618.13

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