【摘要】：地震巖石物理領(lǐng)域里,速度頻散和衰減是展開頻率域儲層及流體預(yù)測的重要理論基礎(chǔ)。波動引起的流體流動(WIFF)機制將流體運移參數(shù)與地震波信號聯(lián)系在一起。介觀尺度大于孔隙顆粒且小于波長。介觀不均勻產(chǎn)生的波致流是地震頻帶范圍內(nèi)衰減的主因。本文的主要研究工作包含了以下五個部分:(1)宏觀Biot衰減及三種介觀尺度下的衰減機制。對Biot衰減機制及孔隙-裂隙模型、雙孔模型、層流模型進行介紹。(2)層流模型解析解。將品質(zhì)因子以參數(shù)s(由流動參數(shù)、黏度、滲透率決定)、g(由彈性模量及孔隙度決定)及頻率表征,并得到品質(zhì)因子表達式的近似式,近似式在高頻及低頻極限時與原解值吻合效果良好。(3)參數(shù)對品質(zhì)因子及相速度的影響。從理論角度及數(shù)值模擬分析流體粘度、滲透率、孔隙度、流度等參數(shù)對品質(zhì)因子Q(ω)和相速度Vp(ω)的影響,并數(shù)值模擬地震記錄�？梢缘贸鼋Y(jié)論:①所有情況下的衰減頻段主要在低頻段。②當兩層所含流體性質(zhì)差異明顯時,衰減劇烈。③當粘度增加時衰減峰值向低頻移動,衰減值逐漸降低,同頻率下相速度逐漸增大。④滲透率增加時衰減峰值向高頻移動,衰減值基本不變。含氣層滲透率改變時的影響遠遠小于含水層滲透率改變的影響。⑤深度壓實儲層衰減隨著孔隙度增加減小,峰值向低頻移動。⑥流度增大時衰減值不變,峰值向高頻移動,滲透率相比粘度影響力更大。(4)不同流體時骨架模量及孔隙度變化對最大衰減及過渡頻率的影響。①L2骨架模量及孔隙度均最大時,部分飽氣極大衰減部分飽油極大衰減完全飽水極大衰減;完全飽水過渡頻率部分飽氣過渡頻率部分飽油過渡頻率。②L2骨架模量及孔隙度均最小時,完全飽水極大衰減部分飽氣極大衰減部分飽油極大衰減;部分飽氣過渡頻率完全飽水過渡頻率部分飽油過渡頻率。(5)飽和度對反射系數(shù)的影響。使用White模型解析解的近似式研究嵌于彈性層或衰減層內(nèi)的衰減層垂直入射反射系數(shù),以得到衰減、相速度頻散、調(diào)諧作用對反射系數(shù)的影響,并將數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果與Korneev實驗數(shù)據(jù)進行對比。水飽和砂巖及干砂巖的反射系數(shù)的實驗數(shù)據(jù)適用于部分氣-水飽和的未固結(jié)砂巖模型,結(jié)果顯示介觀波致流可以解釋流體飽和度相關(guān)的低頻反射異常,部分飽和儲層反射系數(shù)隨頻率變化明顯。
[Abstract]:In the field of seismic rock physics, velocity dispersion and attenuation are the important theoretical basis for developing reservoir and fluid prediction in frequency domain. The (WIFF) mechanism of wave-induced fluid flow links the fluid migration parameters with seismic wave signals. The mesoscopic scale is larger than the pore size and smaller than the wavelength. The wave induced flow caused by mesoscopic inhomogeneity is the main cause of attenuation in the seismic frequency band. The main work of this paper consists of the following five parts: (1) macroscopic Biot attenuation and three attenuation mechanisms at mesoscopic scale. The Biot attenuation mechanism, pore fracture model, double pore model and laminar flow model are introduced. (2) the analytical solution of laminar flow model. The quality factor is characterized by the parameter s (determined by the flow parameter, viscosity, permeability,), g (is determined by the elastic modulus and porosity) and frequency, and the approximate expression of the quality factor is obtained. The approximate formula is in good agreement with the original solution at the limit of high frequency and low frequency. (3) the influence of parameters on the quality factor and phase velocity. The effects of fluid viscosity, permeability, porosity and mobility on the quality factor Q (蠅) and phase velocity Vp (蠅) are analyzed theoretically and numerically. The seismic records are simulated numerically. It can be concluded that: 1 in all cases, the attenuation frequency band is mainly in the low frequency band. 2 when the properties of the fluid in the two layers are obviously different, the attenuation is severe. 3 when the viscosity increases, the attenuation peak shifts to the low frequency, and the attenuation value decreases gradually. At the same frequency, the phase velocity increases gradually. 4 the peak value of attenuation shifts to high frequency with the increase of permeability, and the attenuation value is basically unchanged. The effect of permeability change in gas bearing zone is much smaller than that in aquifer permeability. 5 the attenuation of deep compacted reservoir decreases with the increase of porosity, and the peak value moves to low frequency. 6 when mobility increases, the attenuation value remains unchanged, and the peak value moves to high frequency. (4) the influence of the change of skeleton modulus and porosity on the maximum attenuation and transition frequency of different fluids. When the 1L2 skeleton modulus and porosity are both maximum, Partial gas saturation maximum attenuation partial oil saturation maximum attenuation complete water saturation maximum attenuation; When the 2L2 skeleton modulus and porosity are minimum, the full saturated maximum attenuation is partially saturated and the partial saturated oil is greatly attenuated. Partial saturated transition frequency fully saturated transition frequency partially saturated transition frequency. (5) the effect of saturation on reflection coefficient. Using the approximate formula of the analytical solution of the White model, the reflection coefficient of the attenuation layer embedded in the elastic layer or the attenuation layer is studied in order to obtain the effect of attenuation, phase velocity dispersion and tuning on the reflection coefficient. The numerical simulation results are compared with the Korneev experimental data. The experimental data of reflection coefficients of water-saturated sandstone and dry sandstone are suitable for partially gas-water saturated unconsolidated sandstone models. The results show that mesoscopic wave-induced flow can explain the low-frequency reflection anomalies related to fluid saturation. The reflection coefficient of partially saturated reservoir varies obviously with frequency.
【學位授予單位】：成都理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P631.4

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