【摘要】：東亞地區(qū)一直是地震高發(fā)區(qū),尤其是在近年來發(fā)生了一系列的大地震,影響范圍廣,造成的破壞性大。2001年印度古吉拉特邦地震、2003年伊朗巴姆地震、中國2008年汶川地震,以及2011年東日本大地震等都給相關(guān)地區(qū)造成了巨大的人員傷亡與經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。由于該地區(qū)位于兩大地震帶的交匯處,包含了歐亞地震帶的東部范圍和環(huán)太平洋地震帶的北西部范圍。地學(xué)面貌豐富,地質(zhì)背景復(fù)雜,所以該地區(qū)地震發(fā)生的成因與機(jī)制一直都是學(xué)界研究的熱點(diǎn)。分形分為理論在這個領(lǐng)域是近十年逐漸活躍和發(fā)展起來的。近幾十年,前人已經(jīng)在地震學(xué)領(lǐng)域利用分形與分維的方法做了大量研究。本文即在分形與分維的理論基礎(chǔ)上,對該地區(qū)(經(jīng)度80°~140°E、緯度20°~60°N)的地震數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了研究。本文首先從獲得的地震目錄(1970-2014年,M2.8)中,根據(jù)G?R關(guān)系驗(yàn)證了地震目錄的完整性,確定了合適的最小震級,并根據(jù)整個研究對象的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造背景以及歷史地震帶的走向?qū)φ麄�區(qū)域進(jìn)行了地域劃分。而后應(yīng)用單分形與多重分形對各個分區(qū)進(jìn)行分析,計算了各分區(qū)地震時間序列與地震空間分布序列的容量維數(shù)、信息維數(shù)并根據(jù)區(qū)域內(nèi)大震(M7.0)內(nèi)獨(dú)立地震信息維數(shù)的變化趨勢分析了地震能量的變化,結(jié)果表明雖然在不同的地質(zhì)背景下存在差異,但通常在大震之前地震時間序列的信息維數(shù)存在不同程度的下降,而在大震之后該參數(shù)又會有不同程度的上升,在一定程度上反映了地震能量的積累與釋放的過程;另外時間序列與空間分布序列的無標(biāo)度區(qū)域內(nèi)的分維參數(shù)變化也表明,各個分區(qū)的這兩種序列都在不同程度上體現(xiàn)出多重分形的特征,而不是單一的、均勻的分形結(jié)構(gòu)。在多重分形分析中,首先建立地震時間序列與空間分布序列的分維計算模型,并由此計繪制了各個區(qū)域的配分函數(shù)的雙對數(shù)圖、?(q)?q關(guān)系圖以及根據(jù)這兩個參數(shù)確定的多重分形譜結(jié)果表明,地震的時間序列中,新疆及周邊地區(qū)地震區(qū)域與青藏高原及喜馬拉雅地震區(qū)域明顯呈現(xiàn)稀疏型多重分形的特征;華北地震區(qū)域略偏向于密集型多重分形特征;中國南北地震區(qū)與環(huán)太平洋北西地震區(qū)域呈現(xiàn)出復(fù)合型的特點(diǎn);而地震空間分布序列中,中國南北地震區(qū)域與華北地震區(qū)域?qū)儆诿芗投嘀胤中翁匦?青藏高原及喜馬拉雅地震區(qū)域?qū)儆诘湫偷南∈栊投嘀胤中翁匦?而新疆及周邊地震區(qū)域與環(huán)太平洋北西地震區(qū)域?qū)儆趶?fù)合型的特性。本文的研究為分形理論與地震學(xué)結(jié)合的一個實(shí)例,可以作為大構(gòu)造帶背景下地震數(shù)據(jù)分形分析的參考,為地震的時空特性分析以及地震的預(yù)測提供依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:East Asia has always been a region of high earthquake incidence, especially in recent years, a series of large earthquakes, the impact of a wide range of devastating. 2001, India Gujarat earthquake, 2003 Bam earthquake in Iran, China 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, The 2011 East Japan earthquake has caused huge casualties and economic losses. The area is located at the junction of the two major seismic zones, including the eastern part of the Eurasian seismic belt and the northern and western part of the Pacific Rim seismic belt. Because of the rich geological features and complicated geological background, the origin and mechanism of earthquakes in this area have always been the focus of academic research. Fractal theory is active and developing in this field in the past ten years. In recent decades, many researches have been done in the field of seismology using fractal and fractal dimension methods. Based on the theory of fractal and fractal dimension, the seismic data in this area (longitude 80 擄~ 140 擄E, latitude 20 擄~ 60 擄N) are studied in this paper. In this paper, the integrity of the earthquake catalogue is verified according to the GZR relation in the obtained earthquake catalogue (1970-2014, M2.8), and the appropriate minimum magnitude is determined. The whole region is divided according to the geological tectonic background and the strike of the historical seismic belt. Then, single fractal and multifractal are used to analyze each area, and the capacity dimension of seismic time series and earthquake spatial distribution series are calculated. The information dimension and the variation trend of the independent seismic information dimension in large earthquakes (M7.0) in the region are analyzed. The results show that, although there are differences in different geological settings, However, the information dimension of the earthquake time series usually decreases to some extent before the large earthquake, but after the earthquake, the parameter will rise to different degrees, which reflects the process of the accumulation and release of earthquake energy to some extent. In addition, the variation of fractal dimension parameters in scale-free region of time series and spatial distribution series also shows that the two sequences of each partition are multifractal in different degrees, rather than a single, uniform fractal structure. In multifractal analysis, the fractal dimension model of seismic time series and spatial distribution series is established, and the double logarithmic map of partition function of each region is plotted. The results of? (q)? Q relation diagram and multifractal spectrum determined by these two parameters show that, The seismic regions of Xinjiang and its surrounding areas, the Tibetan Plateau and the Himalayan earthquake regions, show the characteristics of sparse multifractal. The seismic region of North China is slightly inclined to the intensive multifractal feature, and the north-south seismic region of China and the north-west seismic region around the Pacific Ocean show the composite characteristics. In the spatial distribution sequence of earthquakes, the seismic regions of north and south China and North China belong to intensive multifractal characteristics, and the Tibetan Plateau and Himalayan earthquake regions belong to the typical sparse multifractal characteristics. The seismic region of Xinjiang and its surrounding area and the north-west seismic region around the Pacific Ocean belong to the compound type. The research in this paper is an example of the combination of fractal theory and seismology, and can be used as a reference for fractal analysis of seismic data in the context of large tectonic zones, and provides a basis for the analysis of space-time characteristics of earthquakes and the prediction of earthquakes.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P315

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本文編號：2311040