【摘要】：高聳的井架結(jié)構(gòu)是鉆機(jī)必不可少的承載構(gòu)件，其不僅在起升、下鉆等不同工況下承受各種常規(guī)載荷，同時也受到具有隨機(jī)性與空間相關(guān)性的風(fēng)載荷作用。而井架結(jié)構(gòu)對風(fēng)載荷尤為敏感，因風(fēng)振導(dǎo)致井架結(jié)構(gòu)失穩(wěn)破壞的事故時有發(fā)生。 迄今對于井架結(jié)構(gòu)的風(fēng)振響應(yīng)研究較多，然而對于井架與風(fēng)載荷間存在的耦合作用則研究較少。因此，在對井架結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行常規(guī)力學(xué)分析的情況下，對井架流場進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬并考慮流固耦合效應(yīng)時井架的風(fēng)振響應(yīng)，不僅在全面客觀地了解井架靜動態(tài)特性及可靠性方面具有一定工程實(shí)踐意義，并且為井架結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計提供了一種可供參考的理論設(shè)計方法�；诖耍疚难芯康闹饕獌�(nèi)容包括： 首先，對井架結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行相應(yīng)簡化并建立了有限元模型，結(jié)合鉆機(jī)作業(yè)實(shí)際情況，初步計算了等效靜載下鉆機(jī)恒定載荷、大鉤荷載、工作繩作用力、立根荷載、風(fēng)載荷，并建立了鉆機(jī)典型的9種工況組合，并分別對9種工況下井架結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了有限元靜力學(xué)分析，得到了不同工況下井架的應(yīng)力和位移情況，初步判斷了井架的可靠性。 其次，在簡要介紹了格子Boltzmann方法(Lattice Boltzmann Method,LBM)的原理及步驟后，通過圓柱繞流案例驗(yàn)證了采用該方法對流體進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬及所選邊界條件的合理性。并且對井架結(jié)構(gòu)中廣泛采用的工字型截面梁以及矩形截面梁的二維流場進(jìn)行了數(shù)值模擬，得到了兩者不同時刻剖平面上流體的速度、渦量和壓強(qiáng)分布情況，對于井架局部流場運(yùn)動情況有了更細(xì)致了解。 隨后，采用LBM方法建立了井架的虛擬風(fēng)洞，模擬了井架在颶風(fēng)工況下正面和側(cè)面吹風(fēng)時，流場的運(yùn)動分布情況以及井架結(jié)構(gòu)與流場耦合面的壓力分布。以耦合面的壓力分布作為外載荷作用在井架表面，得到了單向流固耦合時井架的力學(xué)響應(yīng)。 最后，結(jié)合鉆機(jī)在起鉆過程中受到呈正弦形式衰減變化的鉤載激勵作用，依據(jù)鉤載時間歷程采用動態(tài)顯示分析步，得到了井架結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)力和位移隨時間的變化情況。結(jié)合脈動風(fēng)模擬理論基礎(chǔ)，得到了三種風(fēng)速下脈動風(fēng)速譜，，并以此為基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)一步得到了井架總風(fēng)載荷譜，采用瞬態(tài)時程分析步得到井架風(fēng)振的最大峰值位移、速度、以及加速度響應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:The towering Derrick structure is an indispensable bearing member of drilling rig. It not only bears a variety of conventional loads under different working conditions such as hoisting and drilling, but also is subjected to wind loads with randomness and spatial correlation. The Derrick structure is especially sensitive to wind load and the failure of Derrick structure due to wind-induced vibration occurs from time to time. Up to now, much research has been done on the wind-induced response of Derrick structure, but less on the coupling between Derrick and wind load. Therefore, in the case of conventional mechanical analysis of the Derrick structure, the wind vibration response of the Derrick is numerically simulated and the fluid-structure coupling effect is considered. It is not only of engineering practical significance in comprehensively and objectively understanding the static and dynamic characteristics and reliability of Derrick, but also provides a theoretical design method for Derrick structure design. Based on this, the main contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, the structure of Derrick is simplified and the finite element model is established. Combined with the actual situation of drilling rig, the constant load and large hook load of drilling rig under equivalent static load are preliminarily calculated. Working rope force, vertical root load, wind load, and the typical nine conditions combination of drilling rig are established, and the finite element static analysis of the Derrick structure under 9 working conditions is carried out, and the stress and displacement of the Derrick under different working conditions are obtained. The reliability of Derrick is preliminarily judged. Secondly, the principle and steps of the lattice Boltzmann method (Lattice Boltzmann Method,LBM) are briefly introduced, and the rationality of the proposed method for numerical simulation of the fluid and the selected boundary conditions is verified by a case study of the flow around a cylinder. The two-dimensional flow field of I-shaped beam and rectangular cross-section beam widely used in Derrick structure is numerically simulated, and the velocity, vorticity and pressure distribution of fluid on the plane at different times are obtained. A more detailed understanding of the local flow field movement of the Derrick has been obtained. Then, the virtual wind tunnel of Derrick is established by using LBM method. The movement distribution of the flow field and the pressure distribution of the coupling surface between the Derrick structure and the flow field are simulated when the Derrick is blowing in front and side under the condition of hurricane. Taking the pressure distribution of the coupling surface as the external load on the Derrick surface, the mechanical response of the Derrick under unidirectional fluid-solid coupling is obtained. Finally, according to the hook load excitation of sinusoidal attenuation during drilling, the dynamic display analysis step is adopted according to the time history of hook load, and the variation of stress and displacement of Derrick structure with time is obtained. Combined with the theory of pulsating wind simulation, the spectrum of fluctuating wind speed under three kinds of wind speed is obtained, and the total wind load spectrum of Derrick is further obtained. The maximum peak displacement and velocity of wind vibration of Derrick are obtained by transient time history analysis. And acceleration response.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P634.3

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