【摘要】：高聳的井架結構是鉆機必不可少的承載構件，其不僅在起升、下鉆等不同工況下承受各種常規(guī)載荷，同時也受到具有隨機性與空間相關性的風載荷作用。而井架結構對風載荷尤為敏感，因風振導致井架結構失穩(wěn)破壞的事故時有發(fā)生。 迄今對于井架結構的風振響應研究較多，然而對于井架與風載荷間存在的耦合作用則研究較少。因此，在對井架結構進行常規(guī)力學分析的情況下，對井架流場進行數(shù)值模擬并考慮流固耦合效應時井架的風振響應，不僅在全面客觀地了解井架靜動態(tài)特性及可靠性方面具有一定工程實踐意義，并且為井架結構設計提供了一種可供參考的理論設計方法。基于此，本文研究的主要內(nèi)容包括： 首先，對井架結構進行相應簡化并建立了有限元模型，結合鉆機作業(yè)實際情況，初步計算了等效靜載下鉆機恒定載荷、大鉤荷載、工作繩作用力、立根荷載、風載荷，并建立了鉆機典型的9種工況組合，并分別對9種工況下井架結構進行了有限元靜力學分析，得到了不同工況下井架的應力和位移情況，初步判斷了井架的可靠性。 其次，在簡要介紹了格子Boltzmann方法(Lattice Boltzmann Method,LBM)的原理及步驟后，通過圓柱繞流案例驗證了采用該方法對流體進行數(shù)值模擬及所選邊界條件的合理性。并且對井架結構中廣泛采用的工字型截面梁以及矩形截面梁的二維流場進行了數(shù)值模擬，得到了兩者不同時刻剖平面上流體的速度、渦量和壓強分布情況，對于井架局部流場運動情況有了更細致了解。 隨后，采用LBM方法建立了井架的虛擬風洞，模擬了井架在颶風工況下正面和側面吹風時，流場的運動分布情況以及井架結構與流場耦合面的壓力分布。以耦合面的壓力分布作為外載荷作用在井架表面，得到了單向流固耦合時井架的力學響應。 最后，結合鉆機在起鉆過程中受到呈正弦形式衰減變化的鉤載激勵作用，依據(jù)鉤載時間歷程采用動態(tài)顯示分析步，得到了井架結構應力和位移隨時間的變化情況。結合脈動風模擬理論基礎，得到了三種風速下脈動風速譜，，并以此為基礎進一步得到了井架總風載荷譜，采用瞬態(tài)時程分析步得到井架風振的最大峰值位移、速度、以及加速度響應。
[Abstract]:The towering Derrick structure is an indispensable bearing member of drilling rig. It not only bears a variety of conventional loads under different working conditions such as hoisting and drilling, but also is subjected to wind loads with randomness and spatial correlation. The Derrick structure is especially sensitive to wind load and the failure of Derrick structure due to wind-induced vibration occurs from time to time. Up to now, much research has been done on the wind-induced response of Derrick structure, but less on the coupling between Derrick and wind load. Therefore, in the case of conventional mechanical analysis of the Derrick structure, the wind vibration response of the Derrick is numerically simulated and the fluid-structure coupling effect is considered. It is not only of engineering practical significance in comprehensively and objectively understanding the static and dynamic characteristics and reliability of Derrick, but also provides a theoretical design method for Derrick structure design. Based on this, the main contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, the structure of Derrick is simplified and the finite element model is established. Combined with the actual situation of drilling rig, the constant load and large hook load of drilling rig under equivalent static load are preliminarily calculated. Working rope force, vertical root load, wind load, and the typical nine conditions combination of drilling rig are established, and the finite element static analysis of the Derrick structure under 9 working conditions is carried out, and the stress and displacement of the Derrick under different working conditions are obtained. The reliability of Derrick is preliminarily judged. Secondly, the principle and steps of the lattice Boltzmann method (Lattice Boltzmann Method,LBM) are briefly introduced, and the rationality of the proposed method for numerical simulation of the fluid and the selected boundary conditions is verified by a case study of the flow around a cylinder. The two-dimensional flow field of I-shaped beam and rectangular cross-section beam widely used in Derrick structure is numerically simulated, and the velocity, vorticity and pressure distribution of fluid on the plane at different times are obtained. A more detailed understanding of the local flow field movement of the Derrick has been obtained. Then, the virtual wind tunnel of Derrick is established by using LBM method. The movement distribution of the flow field and the pressure distribution of the coupling surface between the Derrick structure and the flow field are simulated when the Derrick is blowing in front and side under the condition of hurricane. Taking the pressure distribution of the coupling surface as the external load on the Derrick surface, the mechanical response of the Derrick under unidirectional fluid-solid coupling is obtained. Finally, according to the hook load excitation of sinusoidal attenuation during drilling, the dynamic display analysis step is adopted according to the time history of hook load, and the variation of stress and displacement of Derrick structure with time is obtained. Combined with the theory of pulsating wind simulation, the spectrum of fluctuating wind speed under three kinds of wind speed is obtained, and the total wind load spectrum of Derrick is further obtained. The maximum peak displacement and velocity of wind vibration of Derrick are obtained by transient time history analysis. And acceleration response.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P634.3

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前6條

1 甘進;洪灶明;吳衛(wèi)國;;脈動風作用下高聳塔結構風振響應研究[J];華中科技大學學報(城市科學版);2009年02期

2 畢繼紅;余化軍;任洪鵬;;靜止方柱和圓柱繞流的二維數(shù)值分析[J];三峽大學學報(自然科學版);2012年01期

3 沈世釗;武岳;;膜結構風振響應中的流固耦合效應研究進展[J];建筑科學與工程學報;2006年01期

4 呂坤;張荻;謝永慧;;不同來流下薄平板流固耦合特性分析[J];中國電機工程學報;2011年26期

5 許亮斌;蔣世全;謝彬;姜偉;;深水鉆井平臺鉆機大鉤載荷計算方法[J];中國海上油氣;2009年05期

6 張?zhí)?夏禾;郭薇薇;;基于多維AR模型的橋梁隨機風場模擬[J];中南大學學報(自然科學版);2012年03期

本文編號：2295827