【摘要】：川東北晚二疊世長(zhǎng)興期大隆組出露完整,主要由砂泥質(zhì)灰?guī)r和硅質(zhì)頁(yè)巖組成,同時(shí)保存了豐富的生物擾動(dòng)構(gòu)造,為研究晚二疊世深水陸棚、盆地環(huán)境中生物的殖居特征,生物的個(gè)體習(xí)性、沉積底質(zhì)性質(zhì)變化、以及生物對(duì)沉積環(huán)境的適應(yīng)能力等提供了相應(yīng)的材料,利于解釋P/T之交生物大滅絕的原因及晚二疊世的生態(tài)演化特征。本文通過(guò)結(jié)合遺跡學(xué)和沉積學(xué)信息,對(duì)大隆組遺跡屬種的識(shí)別和鑒定、遺跡化石的生態(tài)習(xí)性分類、生物擾動(dòng)強(qiáng)度定量評(píng)估、遺跡組構(gòu)的識(shí)別(生物擾動(dòng)量、深度、分異度、階層類型等)等遺跡學(xué)特征進(jìn)行了充分的研究,取得了以下5個(gè)方面的進(jìn)展：(1)基于研究區(qū)的沉積特征,將大隆組劃分為3部分10小層,并識(shí)別出2種沉積相4類巖相組合；(2)在大隆組中共識(shí)別出8屬13種遺跡化石,提出了4種生物的造跡的行為方式；(3)在大隆組中共識(shí)別出6類遺跡組構(gòu),即深水盆地相中的Palaeophycus tubularis遺跡組構(gòu),深水陸棚相中的Palaeophycus heberti遺跡組構(gòu)、Chondrites type-B遺跡組構(gòu)、Treptichnus bifurcus遺跡組構(gòu)、Planolites montanus遺跡組構(gòu)、Palaeophvcus striatus遺跡組構(gòu)。遺跡組構(gòu)的演化指示了沉積環(huán)境的變化：從以硅質(zhì)頁(yè)巖沉積為主的深水盆地環(huán)境到以含砂質(zhì)、泥質(zhì)碳酸鹽巖沉積為主的深水陸棚環(huán)境,反應(yīng)了晚二疊世的底棲生物在深水環(huán)境中的殖居狀態(tài)。(4)大隆組由下至上,遺跡組構(gòu)之間存在一定的規(guī)律性：生物擾動(dòng)量呈現(xiàn)中間強(qiáng)兩端弱的趨勢(shì)；遺跡組構(gòu)間的階層類型從簡(jiǎn)單淺-中階層類型到遺跡屬種單一但復(fù)雜淺階層類型,最后又過(guò)渡到簡(jiǎn)單淺-中階層類型；沉積底質(zhì)是由軟底到飽含水的湯底再到固結(jié)性硬底底質(zhì)的變化過(guò)程；遺跡化石從邊界較清晰、發(fā)育厚襯壁、邊界清晰、發(fā)育薄襯壁。這些規(guī)律綜合表明內(nèi)棲生物在盆地相中的殖居過(guò)程生物擾動(dòng)強(qiáng)度在垂向上的不斷變化,改變了沉積底質(zhì)性質(zhì),也帶動(dòng)了生物行為習(xí)性的改變。(5)控制大隆組遺跡群落的環(huán)境因素主要有濁流事件的插入、沉積環(huán)境和生態(tài)環(huán)境的演變,對(duì)造跡生物的聚集狀態(tài)(豐度、分異度)、造跡行為(擾動(dòng)量、擾動(dòng)深度、階層類型、底質(zhì)性質(zhì))、消亡(缺氧)產(chǎn)生了重要影響。
[Abstract]:The late Permian Changxing Dalong formation in northeastern Sichuan is composed mainly of sandy mudstone and siliceous shale, and has preserved abundant biological disturbance structures. In order to study the living characteristics of organisms in the late Permian deep shelf and basin environment, the late Permian period Dalong formation is mainly composed of sandy mudstone and siliceous shale. The individual habits of organisms, the changes of sedimentary sediment properties, and the adaptability of organisms to the sedimentary environment provide relevant materials, which are helpful to explain the reasons for the great extinction of organisms at the junction of P / T and the ecological evolution characteristics of the late Permian. Based on the information of ichnology and sedimentology, the identification and identification of the genus and species of the Dalong formation, the classification of ecological habits of trace fossils, the quantitative evaluation of bioturbation intensity, the identification of trace fabric (bioturbation, depth, differentiation), (1) based on the sedimentary characteristics of the study area, the Dalong formation is divided into 3 parts and 10 sublayers, and 2 sedimentary facies and 4 types of lithofacies assemblages are identified. (2) eight genera and 13 species of trace fossils were identified in the Dalong formation, and the behavioral patterns of 4 species of organisms were proposed. (3) in the Dalong formation, six types of trace fabric were identified, that is, the Palaeophycus tubularis trace fabric in the deep water basin facies. Palaeophycus heberti relic fabric, Chondrites type-B vestigial fabric, Treptichnus bifurcus vestigial fabric, Planolites montanus relic fabric, Palaeophvcus striatus relic fabric in deep water shelf. The evolution of vestigial fabric indicates the change of sedimentary environment: from the deep-water basin environment dominated by siliceous shale deposition to the deep-water shelf environment dominated by sandy and argillaceous carbonate deposits. It reflects the colonization state of benthos in the deep water environment of late Permian. (4) the Dalong formation is from the bottom to the top, and there are some regularity among the relic fabric: the amount of biological disturbance shows the tendency of the middle strong two ends weak; The types of stratum between relic fabric are from simple shallow-middle stratum type to single but complex shallow stratum type of vestigial genus, and finally to simple shallow-middle stratum type. Sedimentary sediments change from soft bottom to water-rich soup bottom and then to consolidated hard bottom. Trace fossils develop thick lining wall with clear boundary and thin lining wall. These laws indicate that the intensity of biological disturbance changes vertically during the colonization process of endobenthos in the basin facies, which changes the properties of sedimentary sediments. (5) the environmental factors controlling the relic communities of the Dalong formation include the insertion of turbidity events, the evolution of the sedimentary environment and the ecological environment, and the accumulation state (abundance) of the trace organisms. Differentiation), trace making (disturbance, depth of disturbance, class type, bottom property), extinction (anoxia) have important effects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：Q911.2;P534.46

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