【摘要】：扎賚諾爾東露天礦區(qū)第四紀(jì)沉積是我國東北地區(qū)唯一一個關(guān)于晚更新世河湖發(fā)育演化地層剖面。由于長期的露天開采,使得地層出露清楚并可進(jìn)行較大范圍的追蹤對比,同時,地層相變清晰,保存有豐富的文化遺跡(被稱為“扎賚諾爾文化層”)和大量的哺乳動物化石,這些化石的發(fā)現(xiàn)為人們了解晚更新世時期動物的進(jìn)化及其古氣候環(huán)境的有序變化之間的關(guān)系提供了及其重要的線索,是研究動物化石和氣候環(huán)境演化的理想剖面�；阪叻鄯治龇椒ń⒌臍夂颦h(huán)境變化和年代序列為參照系,結(jié)合對我國東北地區(qū)的實地考察,我們對內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)呼倫湖盆地東北側(cè)扎賚諾爾地區(qū)東露天礦上覆第四紀(jì)晚期厚度為1396cm的剖面地層進(jìn)行采樣,共獲取189個樣品。本文對我國出土最早、最完整猛犸象化石的河流相沉積及上覆部分地層形成的時代及50個樣品進(jìn)行了孢粉組合分析。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):含猛犸象(我們在采樣過程中也發(fā)現(xiàn)了披毛犀、野�；�)的典型河流相沉積形成于距今51.3±2.1至26.6±1.2ka BP(OSL年代),之后發(fā)生沉積間斷,直到距今13.55ka BP開始新的河湖相-沼澤相沉積。根據(jù)沉積特征判斷,河流相沉積過程在距今26ka結(jié)束后至13.55ka BP該區(qū)可能處于氣下環(huán)境,沒有接受沉積但也沒有遭受明顯的侵蝕—剝蝕作用,這可能與該時段處于末次冰盛期、地表為苔原環(huán)境的原因。盡管河流沉積相中一般難于保存孢粉化石,我們還是獲得了一定的孢粉樣品,分析結(jié)果顯示扎賚諾爾東露天礦區(qū)植被經(jīng)歷了典型草原植被--針葉疏林草原植被--樺木灌木草原--以樺為主的疏林草原—苔原疏林草原的演替過程。古植被揭示了研究區(qū)氣溫降低,濕度減小的環(huán)境變化過程,同時,A/C比值的不斷減少有力地也證實了研究區(qū)氣候環(huán)境不斷變干的環(huán)境演化特征。猛犸象—披毛犀(Mammuthus-Coelodonta Fauna)是我國北方晚更新世代表動物群,其死亡原因一直困擾著學(xué)術(shù)界。隨著冰河期的結(jié)束,全球氣候發(fā)生劇烈的變化,到底是由于原始人類的過渡捕殺還是氣候突變造成的猛犸象滅絕至今沒有可以令人類信服的定論,雖然目前后者占有主要影響。但仍需要通過大量地不同指標(biāo)(比如湖底沉積物、微體化石等)去證實這一說法。
[Abstract]:Quaternary sediments in the eastern open pit area of Zalaianole are the only stratigraphic profiles of the late Pleistocene river and lake evolution in northeast China. As a result of long-term open-pit mining, the strata are exposed clearly and can be traced and contrasted over a large area. At the same time, the formation has a clear phase transition and is rich in cultural relics (known as the "Zhalainul cultural layer") and a large number of mammal fossils. The discovery of these fossils provides an important clue for people to understand the relationship between the evolution of animals during the late Pleistocene and the orderly changes of paleoclimate environment, and is an ideal profile for studying the evolution of animal fossils and climatic environments. Based on the method of sporopollen analysis, the climatic and environmental changes and chronological sequence are taken as reference frame, and the field investigation of Northeast China is carried out. A total of 189 samples were obtained from the stratigraphic section of the East Open-pit mine in the eastern open pit area of Jhalainor area northeast of Hulunhu Basin in Inner Mongolia. The thickness of 1396cm in the late Quaternary period was measured. In this paper, the ages and 50 samples of fluvial sedimentary and overlying strata of the earliest and most complete mammoth fossils unearthed in China were analyzed. The results showed that typical fluvial facies containing mammoths (which were also found in the sampling process) were formed in the age of 51. 3 鹵2. 1 to 26. 6 鹵1.2ka BP (OSL. Until the beginning of 13.55ka BP, a new fluvial and lacustrine facies-marsh facies deposits. According to the sedimentary characteristics, the fluvial facies deposition process from the end of 26ka to the 13.55ka BP area may be in the atmosphere environment, not accept the deposition, but also did not suffer from obvious erosion and denudation, which may be in the last ice peak period. The reason for the tundra environment. Although it is generally difficult to preserve sporopollen fossils in fluvial sedimentary facies, we have obtained certain sporopollen samples. The results show that the vegetation in the eastern open pit mine area of Zhalaanole has experienced the succession process of typical steppe vegetation, coniferous thinning forest grassland vegetation, birch shrub grassland, birch shrub steppe, thinly forest grassland dominated by birch and tundra thinly forested steppe. Paleovegetation reveals the environmental change process of temperature and humidity decrease in the study area. Meanwhile, the decreasing of the ratio of A / C has also confirmed the environmental evolution characteristics of the climate and environment of the study area. Mammoth-woolly rhinoceros (Mammuthus-Coelodonta Fauna) is the representative fauna of the late Pleistocene in northern China. With the end of the ice age, the global climate has changed dramatically, whether the mammoth extinction caused by the excessive hunting of primitive humans or the sudden change of climate has not been a convincing conclusion yet, although the latter has the main influence at present. But it still needs to be corroborated by a number of different indicators, such as lake sediments, microfossils, etc.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P534.63;Q914

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