【摘要】：通過(guò)寬泛的文獻(xiàn)閱讀,學(xué)習(xí)和認(rèn)識(shí)了地震各向異性研究現(xiàn)狀及其研究方法,并重點(diǎn)調(diào)研了我國(guó)大陸、尤其是小江斷裂帶周邊的地震各向異性研究主要進(jìn)展。在學(xué)習(xí)和調(diào)研的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)小江斷裂帶北段地震觀測(cè)的特殊性,本文初步嘗試了一種新的比較簡(jiǎn)單的地震波速各向異性分析技術(shù)-剩余慢度矢量技術(shù),并將這種技術(shù)用于小江斷裂帶北段上地殼P波速度各向異性分析。應(yīng)用的結(jié)果表明，剩余慢度矢量技術(shù)是分析地震波速各向異性的有用工具,小江斷裂帶北段地殼淺層的P波速度各向異性與當(dāng)?shù)亻L(zhǎng)期的應(yīng)力狀態(tài)有關(guān)。具體而言,以二維情形下觀測(cè)速度場(chǎng)為各向同性場(chǎng)和各向異性場(chǎng)的疊加為前提,闡釋了利用走時(shí)殘差估計(jì)地震波速各向異性的原理并提出具體計(jì)算流程,最后利用小江斷裂帶北段的巧家流動(dòng)地震臺(tái)陣的24個(gè)臺(tái)站記錄的6746次地震事件的P波走時(shí)殘差,計(jì)算了各觀測(cè)站點(diǎn)周?chē)氖Ｓ嗦仁噶?由此得到P波的快波方向或慢波方向。計(jì)算結(jié)果表明,大部分觀測(cè)點(diǎn)周?chē)腜波快波方向保持一致性,快波方向指向南東東,而慢波方向指向北北東。非常有趣的是,快波的方向與當(dāng)?shù)貞?yīng)力場(chǎng)P軸的方向比較一致,而慢波的方向與T軸的方向比較一致,這意味著當(dāng)?shù)貞?yīng)力的長(zhǎng)期作用是P波速度各向異性的重要因素。
[Abstract]:Through extensive literature reading, the present situation and research methods of seismic anisotropy are studied and recognized, and the main research progress of seismic anisotropy in mainland of China, especially around the Xiaojiang fault zone, is emphatically investigated. On the basis of study and investigation, according to the particularity of seismic observation in the north section of Xiaojiang fault zone, a new and simple seismic wave velocity anisotropy analysis technique, called residual slowness vector technique, is preliminarily tried in this paper. This technique is applied to the analysis of P wave velocity anisotropy in the upper crust of the northern part of the Xiaojiang fault zone. The application results show that the residual slowness vector technique is a useful tool for analyzing seismic wave velocity anisotropy. The P-wave velocity anisotropy in the shallow crust of the northern section of the Xiaojiang fault zone is related to the local long-term stress state. Specifically, on the premise that the observed velocity field is isotropic and anisotropic in two-dimensional case, the principle of estimating seismic velocity anisotropy by using travel time residuals is explained and the detailed calculation flow is proposed. Finally, the P-wave travel time residuals of 6746 seismic events recorded by 24 stations of Qiaojia mobile seismic array in the northern section of the Xiaojiang fault zone are used to calculate the residual slowness vectors around the observation stations, and the direction of fast wave or slow wave of P-wave is obtained. The results show that the direction of P wave around most observation points is consistent, the direction of fast wave is pointing to east, south and east, while the direction of slow wave is pointing to north and east. It is very interesting that the direction of the fast wave is consistent with the direction of the P-axis of the in-situ stress field, while the direction of the slow wave is more consistent with the direction of the T-axis, which means that the long-term action of the in-situ stress is an important factor for the velocity anisotropy of the P-wave.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地震局地球物理研究所
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P315.2

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本文編號(hào)：2282006