【摘要】：淮北礦區(qū)的煤礦開采工作正向深部及構造復雜區(qū)域擴展,而現(xiàn)有的地質(zhì)、常規(guī)地震勘探技術難以獲取較為精確的地質(zhì)構造、煤層賦存及頂?shù)装宓膸r性變化特征,嚴重制約著淮北礦區(qū)煤炭工業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。為了解決地質(zhì)、常規(guī)三維地震難以解決但又嚴重危害煤炭生產(chǎn)的精細構造及巖性問題,本次研究對劉店煤礦106采區(qū)高密度三維地震數(shù)據(jù)進行特殊處理,嘗試利用地震屬性、譜分解、地震相分析、地震反演及各向異性等多種巖性解釋技術對研究區(qū)的復雜構造及巖性問題進行解釋,取得了一定的效果。鑒于常規(guī)三維地震勘探通常采用二維地震勘探的解釋方法,即主要利用地震剖面進行解釋。為此,建立了斷層模型并進行地震數(shù)值模擬,從理論剖面中提取了多種地震屬性,分析總結了地震屬性的特征,為實現(xiàn)全三維解釋奠定了基礎。在實際地震資料解釋過程中,首先提取了目的層的地震屬性切片,并根據(jù)地震屬性特征判定構造異常,然后利用地震屬性切片與地震剖面對精細構造進行聯(lián)合解釋。針對巖漿巖侵入煤層問題,首先對比分析了正常煤層、巖漿巖(天然焦)及煤層頂?shù)装宓奈镄圆町?然后利用基于波阻抗與電性差異的多參數(shù)巖性反演方法、基于頻譜差異的譜分解方法、基于波形差異的地震相分析方法,分別圈定了巖漿巖侵入煤層的范圍;最后應用三種方法的解釋成果,以多參數(shù)巖性反演結果為主,輔助譜分解、地震相分析結果,并綜合地質(zhì)鉆孔資料,確定了煤層的巖漿巖(天然焦)分布范圍。對于煤層瓦斯富集問題,首先從不同方位偏移數(shù)據(jù)體提取了四種地震屬性,利用地震屬性計算了煤層的裂隙發(fā)育方向及密度,其裂隙發(fā)育特征與研究區(qū)構造相吻合;然后利用不同角度(偏移距)的地震信息獲得波阻抗數(shù)據(jù)體,使用煤體結構比例因子P值圈定構造煤發(fā)育帶;最后綜合煤層裂隙發(fā)育程度和構造煤發(fā)育帶對瓦斯富集異常進行綜合評判。相對于常規(guī)三維地震勘探,高密度三維地震對精細構造,特別是小斷層的解釋更加準確,礦井地質(zhì)資料的驗證率有明顯提高;利用多種地震巖性信息確定煤層的巖漿巖(天然焦)分布范圍和瓦斯富集異常區(qū)域,其分辨能力和可靠程度遠高于傳統(tǒng)地質(zhì)手段。
[Abstract]:The coal mining work in Huaibei mining area is spreading to the deep and complicated structural areas. However, the existing geology and conventional seismic exploration technology are difficult to obtain more accurate geological structure, the occurrence of coal seam and the lithologic change characteristics of roof and floor. It seriously restricts the sustainable development of coal industry in Huaibei mining area. In order to solve the geological problems, it is difficult to solve the problem of fine structure and lithology which is difficult to solve by conventional 3D earthquake, but seriously endangers the coal production. In this study, the high-density 3D seismic data in No. 106 mining area of Liudian Coal Mine were specially processed, and the seismic attributes were tried to be used. Some lithologic interpretation techniques, such as spectral decomposition, seismic facies analysis, seismic inversion and anisotropy, have been applied to the interpretation of complex structures and lithologic problems in the study area. In view of the conventional 3D seismic exploration, the interpretation method of two-dimensional seismic exploration is usually used, that is, the seismic section is mainly used for interpretation. For this reason, the fault model is established and the seismic numerical simulation is carried out. A variety of seismic attributes are extracted from the theoretical section, and the characteristics of the seismic attributes are analyzed and summarized, which lays a foundation for the full 3D interpretation. In the process of actual seismic data interpretation, the seismic attribute slice of the target layer is extracted firstly, and the structural anomaly is judged according to the seismic attribute characteristics, and then the fine structure is interpreted jointly by seismic attribute slice and seismic section. Aiming at the problem of magmatic rock intruding into coal seam, the physical property difference of normal coal seam, magmatic rock (natural coke) and coal seam roof and floor is analyzed, and then the multi-parameter lithology inversion method based on wave impedance and electrical difference is used. Spectral decomposition method based on spectral difference, seismic facies analysis method based on waveform difference, delineate the range of magmatic rock intrusion into coal seam, and finally apply the interpretation results of three methods, the main result of multi-parameter lithology inversion, auxiliary spectrum decomposition, The distribution range of magmatic rock (natural coke) in coal seam is determined by seismic facies analysis and geological borehole data. For the problem of gas enrichment in coal seam, four kinds of seismic attributes are extracted from different azimuth migration data bodies, and the fracture development direction and density of coal seam are calculated by using seismic attributes, and the fracture development characteristics are consistent with the structure of the study area. Then the seismic information of different angles (offset) is used to obtain the wave impedance data body, and the coal structure ratio factor P value is used to delineate the tectonic coal development zone. Finally, comprehensive evaluation of gas enrichment anomaly is carried out by synthesizing fracture development degree of coal seam and tectonic coal development zone. Compared with conventional 3D seismic exploration, high-density 3D seismic interpretation of fine structures, especially small faults is more accurate, and the verification rate of mine geological data is obviously improved. The range of magmatic rock (natural coke) distribution and gas enrichment anomaly area of coal seam are determined by using various seismic lithologic information. The resolution ability and reliability degree are much higher than those of traditional geological means.
【學位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P631.4

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