【摘要】：隨著城市化進程的加快，在原有建筑群中的新建工程日益增多。在建筑物密集且地下水位較淺的地區(qū)進行深基坑開挖，必須考慮基坑降水、開挖過程對鄰近建筑物的影響。降水可為基坑的開挖提供良好的施工環(huán)境，對周圍土體加固、支護結構的穩(wěn)定和水壓力減小有很大的作用。同時降水也會使基坑滲流場變得復雜，可能會引起流土、流砂、管涌等災害，還會使基坑外側(cè)地下水位下降而導致土層固結引發(fā)地面沉降。因此必須重視基坑開挖和降水對基坑和鄰近建筑物的影響。本文結合邯鄲市某基坑工程事故，針對基坑降水開挖引起鄰近教學樓過量沉降問題，做了以下工作： (1)研究地下水在土體中的運移規(guī)律，地下水對支護結構、土體固結沉降的作用，水-土之間的相互作用，，結合基坑工程實例確定基坑降水產(chǎn)生的降落漏斗的范圍大小。 (2)分析基坑降水引起鄰近土體的固結沉降規(guī)律。探討太沙基一維固結理論、比奧固結理論在計算土層固結沉降時的差異性，及對于總應力在固結過程中是否變化所產(chǎn)生的影響，總結固結沉降產(chǎn)生的機理和影響因素，得出實例工程降水對基坑鄰近區(qū)域地面沉降的影響規(guī)律。 (3)結合實例基坑工程3-3單元的施工資料，對地下水位和周邊變形監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)進行統(tǒng)計分析；結合理論計算和軟件計算，從中發(fā)現(xiàn)基坑開挖、降水所引起的教學樓的沉降規(guī)律，探討開挖和降水引起土層沉降的時間和空間效應。分析得出建筑物過量沉降的原因。 (4)應用FLAC3D數(shù)值模擬軟件，建立基坑工程的數(shù)值模型。利用數(shù)值模型，研究基坑開挖、基坑降水分別引起的建筑物的變形值及同時考慮開挖和降水引起的變形值與實際監(jiān)測變形值之間的關系。對比結果表明，同時考慮開挖和降水引起的變形值能較好地與實測值擬合，且不等于分別考慮二者時所引起的變形值之和。所以在基坑設計計算中，應同時考慮基坑降水與開挖對周邊環(huán)境的影響。 本文的研究結果可為同類型基坑工程的設計與施工提供一定的參考。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of urbanization, the number of new projects in the original buildings is increasing day by day. When deep foundation pit is excavated in areas with dense buildings and shallow groundwater level, the dewatering of foundation pit and the influence of excavation process on adjacent buildings must be considered. The dewatering can provide a good construction environment for the excavation of foundation pit, and play an important role in strengthening the surrounding soil, stabilizing the supporting structure and reducing the water pressure. At the same time, the precipitation will make the seepage field of foundation pit become complex, which may cause the disasters such as flowing soil, quicksand, piping, etc. It will also reduce the underground water level outside the foundation pit and lead to the consolidation of soil layer and cause the ground subsidence. Therefore, we must pay attention to the influence of excavation and dewatering on the foundation pit and adjacent buildings. Based on a foundation pit engineering accident in Handan city, the following work has been done in this paper: (1) to study the law of groundwater movement in soil, and the underground water to support structure, in view of the problem of excessive settlement caused by dewatering and excavation of foundation pit. The effect of soil consolidation and settlement, the interaction between water and soil, and the examples of foundation pit engineering are used to determine the range of drop funnel produced by foundation pit dewatering. (2) the consolidation settlement law of adjacent soil caused by foundation pit dewatering is analyzed. In this paper, the difference between the consolidation theory and the Biot consolidation theory in calculating the consolidation settlement of soil is discussed, and the influence on whether the total stress changes in the consolidation process is discussed, and the mechanism and influencing factors of the consolidation settlement are summarized. The influence of case engineering dewatering on ground subsidence in adjacent area of foundation pit is obtained. (3) based on the construction data of unit 3-3 of foundation pit engineering, the monitoring data of groundwater level and surrounding deformation are statistically analyzed. Combined with theoretical calculation and software calculation, the settlement law of teaching building caused by excavation and dewatering of foundation pit is found, and the time and space effects of soil subsidence caused by excavation and dewatering are discussed. The causes of excessive settlement of buildings are analyzed. (4) the numerical model of foundation pit engineering is established by using FLAC3D numerical simulation software. Based on the numerical model, the deformation values of buildings caused by excavation and foundation pit dewatering are studied, and the relationship between the deformation values caused by excavation and dewatering and the actual monitoring deformation values is considered. The comparison results show that the deformation values caused by excavation and precipitation can be fitted well with the measured values and are not equal to the sum of the deformation values caused by the two factors. Therefore, the influence of dewatering and excavation on the surrounding environment should be taken into account in the design and calculation of foundation pit. The results of this paper can provide a certain reference for the design and construction of the same type of foundation pit engineering.
【學位授予單位】：河北工程大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU463;TU433

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