【摘要】：i青海省同德縣加吾金礦地處青藏高原東北部。因其特殊的自然地理、地貌與氣候條件及現(xiàn)代礦床勘探、開采等工程活動影響,礦區(qū)崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等地質(zhì)災(zāi)害(隱患)發(fā)育,對礦區(qū)的進(jìn)一步勘探與開發(fā)造成嚴(yán)重影響。因此,了解與掌握礦區(qū)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害發(fā)育及分布特征,開展地質(zhì)災(zāi)害危險性評價,對礦區(qū)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害防治、生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)和資源的安全勘探開發(fā),具有重要的理論意義和工程實用價值。在對加吾金礦區(qū)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害調(diào)查基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合礦區(qū)實際情況,采用層次分析法,建立適合加吾金礦區(qū)的地質(zhì)災(zāi)害危險性評價的數(shù)學(xué)模型,并對其進(jìn)行了災(zāi)害的危險性評價。主要取得以下成果:1、礦區(qū)在地形上屬于強(qiáng)烈隆升中的青藏高原中-高山深切割區(qū),屬于典型的高原大陸型氣候,以干旱、多風(fēng)、冰凍期長、溫差大為特點(diǎn),且垂直分帶明顯;年均降水量為400-500mm,多集中于5~9月份;礦區(qū)出露地層以中三疊統(tǒng)隆務(wù)河群硬砂質(zhì)長石—泥質(zhì)細(xì)碎屑巖組(T2d)為主,其次為第三系(N)和第四系(Q);新近紀(jì)以來,受青藏高原擠壓隆升影響,構(gòu)造活動強(qiáng)烈,以NNW向和近EW向的斷裂構(gòu)造為主,褶皺次之;區(qū)內(nèi)地下水徑流排泄條件良好,地表風(fēng)化強(qiáng)烈,巖土體松散破碎,工程性質(zhì)差;礦區(qū)人類活動以礦產(chǎn)勘探與開發(fā)為主,主要集中在大小曲如溝、瑪日當(dāng)溝、龍壓溝以及哇桑龍哇溝礦脈相對集中的地帶。2、礦區(qū)主要地質(zhì)災(zāi)害(隱患)為崩塌、滑坡和泥石流,發(fā)育在人類工程活動較為集中的大小曲如溝、瑪日當(dāng)溝、龍壓溝,以及哇桑龍哇溝中上游和區(qū)內(nèi)礦脈分布的斜坡上。影響礦區(qū)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害發(fā)生的主要因素有起伏劇烈的地形地貌因素、受強(qiáng)烈構(gòu)造變形作用下松散的地層巖性條件,和發(fā)育的活動構(gòu)造;誘發(fā)災(zāi)害的主要因素為每年5~9月份的強(qiáng)降雨、高原區(qū)頻繁的地震活動,以及目前正在進(jìn)行的礦床勘探開發(fā)等工程活動。3、以瑪日當(dāng)溝泥石流為典型,在分析泥石流發(fā)育主要影響因素的基礎(chǔ)上,通過建立層次結(jié)構(gòu)模型,構(gòu)建判斷矩陣,進(jìn)行了泥石流發(fā)育危險性計算分析,并得出其發(fā)育的危險性等級為中等。4、結(jié)合礦區(qū)實際特點(diǎn),運(yùn)用層次分析法,對區(qū)內(nèi)的崩塌、滑坡和泥石流地質(zhì)災(zāi)害進(jìn)行了危險性評價,并綜合其評價結(jié)果對礦區(qū)進(jìn)行了危險性分區(qū)。結(jié)果表明,瑪日當(dāng)溝為發(fā)生地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的高危險性區(qū);大小曲如溝為發(fā)生地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的中等危險性區(qū);大曲如溝到瑪日當(dāng)溝之間的高山區(qū)、瑪日當(dāng)溝到龍壓溝之間的高山區(qū)、龍壓溝到哇桑龍哇溝一帶,為地質(zhì)災(zāi)害低危險性發(fā)生區(qū)。5、根據(jù)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害危險性評價結(jié)果,結(jié)合礦區(qū)勘探開發(fā)現(xiàn)狀,對礦區(qū)崩塌、滑坡、泥石流地質(zhì)災(zāi)害,提出了相應(yīng)的防治方案和工程建議。并對礦產(chǎn)勘探過程中槽探、平硐等施工時可能誘發(fā)的滲水、塌方等工程事故,提出了相應(yīng)的施工建議。
[Abstract]:I Jiawu Gold Mine in Tongde County, Qinghai Province is located in the northeast of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Because of its special natural geography, geomorphological and climatic conditions, and the influence of engineering activities such as exploration and mining of modern ore deposits, the development of geological hazards (hidden dangers) such as collapse, landslide and debris flow in the mining area, it has a serious impact on the further exploration and development of the mining area. Therefore, we should understand and master the development and distribution characteristics of geological disasters in mining areas, carry out geological hazard risk assessment, prevent and control geological disasters in mining areas, protect the ecological environment and explore and develop resources safely. It has important theoretical significance and practical engineering value. Based on the investigation of geological hazards in Jiawu Gold Mine area and the actual situation of mining area, a mathematical model of geological hazard risk assessment suitable for Jiawu Gold Mine area is established by using AHP, and the hazard risk assessment is carried out. The main achievements are as follows: 1. The mining area belongs to the strong uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, which belongs to the typical continental climate of the plateau, characterized by drought, windy, long freezing period, large temperature difference, and obvious vertical zonation; The average annual precipitation is 400-500mm, mostly concentrated in May and September. The exposed strata in the mining area are mainly composed of hard feldspar mudstone fine clastic rock formation (T2d) of the middle Triassic, followed by Tertiary (N) and Quaternary (Q);, which are affected by the uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau since the Neogene. The tectonic activity is strong, mainly in the direction of NNW and near EW, followed by folds, the drainage condition of groundwater runoff in this area is good, the surface weathering is strong, the rock and soil are loosely broken, and the engineering properties are poor. The main human activities in the mining area are mineral exploration and development, mainly in the areas where the ore veins are relatively concentrated in the large and small Quru gully, Maridang gully, Longbugou and Wasanglongwa gully. 2. The main geological hazards (hidden dangers) in the mining area are collapse, landslide and debris flow. It is developed on the slopes of the distribution of ore veins in the upper middle and upper reaches of the Wasanglongwa gully and the ore veins in the upper and upper reaches of the Wasanglongwa gully and in the upper and upper reaches of the Wasanglongwa gully. The main factors affecting the occurrence of geological disasters in the mining area are the topographic and geomorphological factors, the loose stratigraphic lithologic conditions under the action of strong tectonic deformation, and the developed active structures, and the main factors causing the disasters are the heavy rainfall in May and September each year. The frequent seismic activities in the plateau area, as well as the current engineering activities such as exploration and development of ore deposits. 3. Based on the analysis of the main factors affecting the development of debris flows, a hierarchical structure model is established based on the analysis of the main factors affecting the development of debris flows, with Mhardanggou debris flow as a typical example. The judgment matrix is constructed, the risk of debris flow development is calculated and analyzed, and the risk level of debris flow development is found to be moderate. 4. Combined with the actual characteristics of mining area, the collapse in the area is analyzed by AHP. The hazard assessment of landslide and debris flow geological hazard is carried out, and the dangerous zoning of mining area is carried out by synthesizing the evaluation results. The results show that the Majidang gully is a high risk area for geological hazards, the large and small qu Rugou is the middle risk area for geological hazards, the high mountain area between the majidang gully and the majidang gully, and the high mountain area between the majidang gully and the Longyan gully. The area from Longyagou to Wasanglongwagou is a low risk area for geological hazards. 5. According to the results of geological hazard assessment and combined with the present situation of exploration and development in mining areas, geological disasters such as collapses, landslides and debris flows in mining areas are studied. The corresponding prevention plan and engineering suggestion are put forward. The corresponding construction suggestions are put forward for engineering accidents such as water seepage and collapse which may be induced by trough exploration and adit construction in the process of mineral exploration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P694

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