華北平原古河道地裂縫的成因機(jī)理探討
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-05 17:49
【摘要】：華北平原為古河流發(fā)育比較廣泛的地區(qū),曾分布有黃河、漳河、潮白河等眾多河流,區(qū)內(nèi)構(gòu)造斷裂和次級塊體分布縱橫,構(gòu)造活動(dòng)及次級塊體的隆起與下降使古河床不斷的抬升、沉降從而導(dǎo)致古河流發(fā)生改道,繼而造成了華北平原豐富的古河道地層地貌。古河道是地裂縫發(fā)生的依附載體,由于其特殊的地層性質(zhì)、形狀及埋深產(chǎn)生出一種非構(gòu)造裂縫,稱之為古河道地裂縫。本文以大名縣的地裂縫為例,對古河道地裂縫的成因機(jī)理進(jìn)行研究討論,不僅豐富完善了華北平原地裂縫的成因機(jī)理,也為防災(zāi)減災(zāi)提供理論依據(jù)。本文通過查閱和搜集相關(guān)的地質(zhì)資料,查明了華北平原淺埋古河道的分布規(guī)律、地層巖性特征、地質(zhì)構(gòu)造等地質(zhì)環(huán)境背景。以大名縣的地裂縫為典型研究案例,通過野外地質(zhì)調(diào)查,基本查明了古河道地裂縫的分布特征;以鉆探和槽探為技術(shù)手段,揭示了古河道地裂縫的剖面結(jié)構(gòu)特征,在此基礎(chǔ)上初步分析探討了古河道地裂縫的影響因素及成因模式。最后通過數(shù)值模擬研究,探討和分析了抽水作用下古河道上覆土層的埋深及初始地下水位對地裂縫形成的影響,總結(jié)了抽水作用下古河道地裂縫的發(fā)育規(guī)律及成因機(jī)理。取得的主要研究成果如下:(1)通過查閱和搜集華北平原相關(guān)的地質(zhì)資料,分析了華北平原古河道所處的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造活動(dòng)以及地質(zhì)地貌環(huán)境背景,并說明了古河道的地層特征及發(fā)育規(guī)律,為地裂縫的產(chǎn)生提供了良好的依附先存條件。(2)通過對華北平原進(jìn)行野外地質(zhì)調(diào)查,根據(jù)現(xiàn)有的地裂縫調(diào)查資料,結(jié)合古河道及地裂縫的發(fā)育情況,繪制了華北平原古河道地裂縫分布圖。(3)以大名縣的地裂縫為例,根據(jù)探槽和鉆探的剖面特征,并結(jié)合地裂縫的展布情況及地層的發(fā)育規(guī)律,分析了古河道地裂縫的平面及剖面特征。(4)在對比分析地裂縫的發(fā)生與抽水、地震和降雨的時(shí)空相關(guān)性的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合古河道的特殊地質(zhì)特征,探討了古河道地裂縫形成的三種成因模式,其中抽水形成的地層差異沉降為主要成因方式。(5)通過對抽水引發(fā)古河道產(chǎn)生差異沉降形成的地裂縫模式進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,分析了抽水作用下古河道形成地裂縫的發(fā)育特征、成因機(jī)理,并探討了古河道埋深、地下初始水位對地裂縫形成的影響。
[Abstract]:The North China Plain is an area where ancient rivers developed widely. There were many rivers, such as the Yellow River, the Zhangzhou River, the Chaobai River, and so on. The tectonic faults and secondary blocks were distributed vertically and horizontally in the area. Tectonic activity and the uplift and descent of secondary blocks make the paleo-river bed uplift and subsidence lead to the diversion of ancient rivers, which leads to the rich paleochannel stratigraphic landforms in the North China Plain. The paleochannel is the dependent carrier of the occurrence of ground fissure. Because of its special stratigraphic property, shape and buried depth, it produces a kind of non-structural fracture, which is called the ancient river channel ground fracture. Taking the ground fissures in Daming County as an example, this paper studies and discusses the formation mechanism of the ground cracks in ancient rivers, which not only enriches and perfects the formation mechanism of the ground cracks in the North China Plain, but also provides a theoretical basis for disaster prevention and mitigation. By consulting and collecting relevant geological data, this paper finds out the geological environment background of shallow buried paleochannel in North China Plain, such as distribution law, stratigraphic lithologic characteristics, geological structure and so on. Taking the ground fissures in Daming County as a typical case, the distribution characteristics of the ground fractures in ancient rivers are basically ascertained through field geological investigation, and the profile structural characteristics of the ground fractures in ancient rivers are revealed by drilling and trench exploration as technical means. On the basis of this, the influencing factors and the cause of formation of the ancient channel ground fissures are preliminarily analyzed and discussed. Finally, through numerical simulation, the influence of the buried depth of the overlying layer and the initial groundwater level on the formation of the ground fissure in the ancient river course under the action of pumping water is discussed and analyzed, and the law of the development and the formation mechanism of the ground crack in the ancient river course under the action of pumping water are summarized. The main research results are as follows: (1) by consulting and collecting relevant geological data of North China Plain, the geological tectonic activities and geological and geomorphological environment background of paleochannel in North China Plain are analyzed. The stratigraphic characteristics and development law of paleochannel are explained, which provides a good precondition for the occurrence of ground fissure. (2) through the field geological survey of North China Plain, according to the existing ground fracture investigation data, Combined with the development of paleochannel and ground fissures, the distribution map of ground fissures along ancient rivers in North China Plain is drawn. (3) taking the ground fissures in Daming County as an example, according to the profile characteristics of exploration channels and drilling, and combining with the distribution of ground fractures and the rules of formation development, The plane and profile characteristics of the paleochannel ground fissure are analyzed. (4) on the basis of the correlation between the occurrence of the ground fissure and the time and space correlation of pumping water, earthquake and rainfall, the special geological characteristics of the paleochannel are combined. In this paper, three genetic models of the formation of ancient channel ground fissures are discussed, among which the formation differential settlement caused by pumping water is the main cause of formation. (5) through numerical simulation of the ground fissure model caused by pumping ancient river channel, the formation of ground fissure caused by the differential settlement of ancient river course is simulated. In this paper, the characteristics and mechanism of formation of ground fissure in ancient river course under pumping action are analyzed, and the influence of buried depth and initial groundwater level on the formation of ground fissure is discussed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P642.2
本文編號：2254296
[Abstract]:The North China Plain is an area where ancient rivers developed widely. There were many rivers, such as the Yellow River, the Zhangzhou River, the Chaobai River, and so on. The tectonic faults and secondary blocks were distributed vertically and horizontally in the area. Tectonic activity and the uplift and descent of secondary blocks make the paleo-river bed uplift and subsidence lead to the diversion of ancient rivers, which leads to the rich paleochannel stratigraphic landforms in the North China Plain. The paleochannel is the dependent carrier of the occurrence of ground fissure. Because of its special stratigraphic property, shape and buried depth, it produces a kind of non-structural fracture, which is called the ancient river channel ground fracture. Taking the ground fissures in Daming County as an example, this paper studies and discusses the formation mechanism of the ground cracks in ancient rivers, which not only enriches and perfects the formation mechanism of the ground cracks in the North China Plain, but also provides a theoretical basis for disaster prevention and mitigation. By consulting and collecting relevant geological data, this paper finds out the geological environment background of shallow buried paleochannel in North China Plain, such as distribution law, stratigraphic lithologic characteristics, geological structure and so on. Taking the ground fissures in Daming County as a typical case, the distribution characteristics of the ground fractures in ancient rivers are basically ascertained through field geological investigation, and the profile structural characteristics of the ground fractures in ancient rivers are revealed by drilling and trench exploration as technical means. On the basis of this, the influencing factors and the cause of formation of the ancient channel ground fissures are preliminarily analyzed and discussed. Finally, through numerical simulation, the influence of the buried depth of the overlying layer and the initial groundwater level on the formation of the ground fissure in the ancient river course under the action of pumping water is discussed and analyzed, and the law of the development and the formation mechanism of the ground crack in the ancient river course under the action of pumping water are summarized. The main research results are as follows: (1) by consulting and collecting relevant geological data of North China Plain, the geological tectonic activities and geological and geomorphological environment background of paleochannel in North China Plain are analyzed. The stratigraphic characteristics and development law of paleochannel are explained, which provides a good precondition for the occurrence of ground fissure. (2) through the field geological survey of North China Plain, according to the existing ground fracture investigation data, Combined with the development of paleochannel and ground fissures, the distribution map of ground fissures along ancient rivers in North China Plain is drawn. (3) taking the ground fissures in Daming County as an example, according to the profile characteristics of exploration channels and drilling, and combining with the distribution of ground fractures and the rules of formation development, The plane and profile characteristics of the paleochannel ground fissure are analyzed. (4) on the basis of the correlation between the occurrence of the ground fissure and the time and space correlation of pumping water, earthquake and rainfall, the special geological characteristics of the paleochannel are combined. In this paper, three genetic models of the formation of ancient channel ground fissures are discussed, among which the formation differential settlement caused by pumping water is the main cause of formation. (5) through numerical simulation of the ground fissure model caused by pumping ancient river channel, the formation of ground fissure caused by the differential settlement of ancient river course is simulated. In this paper, the characteristics and mechanism of formation of ground fissure in ancient river course under pumping action are analyzed, and the influence of buried depth and initial groundwater level on the formation of ground fissure is discussed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P642.2
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