【摘要】：研究裂隙巖石的滲流特性,對油氣開采、水土開發(fā)、環(huán)境保護和氣體埋存等工程都具有重要意義,其中裂隙巖體滲透張量是表征大型巖體工程滲流特性的重要參數(shù),比如大壩、地下隧洞、核電站地基以及石油儲藏等方面應用。本文采用了對實際巖體還原度非常高的離散裂隙網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型進行巖體滲流分析,并利用鄰接矩陣優(yōu)化了裂隙的空間儲存模式,提高了數(shù)值模擬的計算效率;進行計算機裂隙巖體三維空間旋轉(zhuǎn)計算,獲得更真實的三維空間滲透張量;通過控制單一變量變化考察了裂隙巖體的幾何參數(shù)對巖體滲透系數(shù)的影響程度,發(fā)現(xiàn)跡長變化對滲透系數(shù)的改變非常明顯。具體工作為:空間裂隙網(wǎng)絡(luò)在計算機的傳統(tǒng)儲存既占用大量動態(tài)內(nèi)存,又儲存大量無用數(shù)據(jù),本文用鄰鏈表數(shù)組的方式來存儲裂隙圓盤的相交情況,直接按連通分量進行有效裂隙的儲存,比使用二維數(shù)組存儲節(jié)省大量的內(nèi)存空間。在簡化的管單元離散裂隙網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型的基礎(chǔ)上,為使用等效連續(xù)介質(zhì)模型分析滲流問題,比較分析滲透張量的兩種確定方法:以不同尺寸的計算機模擬裂隙巖體試件計算相應水力梯度方向的滲透系數(shù),分析變化程度來確定滲透張量穩(wěn)定性;通過旋轉(zhuǎn)三維對象的方法旋轉(zhuǎn)裂隙巖體網(wǎng)絡(luò)生成域,擬合空間中各方向滲透系數(shù),考察與滲透橢球的相似程度,來推斷滲透張量存在性。相應的數(shù)值模型由現(xiàn)場實測參數(shù)模擬生成,與經(jīng)現(xiàn)場校核過的滲透張量,主滲透系數(shù)和主方向誤差與實測值均在20%左右。離散裂隙網(wǎng)絡(luò)參數(shù)用來表征裂隙巖體的空間分布,構(gòu)成了裂隙網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型的基礎(chǔ)。巖石裂隙的幾何參數(shù)影響著裂隙網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型的滲透率。本文分析了不同水力學參數(shù)對裂隙巖體滲流的影響,并發(fā)現(xiàn)跡長對滲透系數(shù)的影響作用最大:當標準跡長增大1~2倍時,滲透系數(shù)增大9倍左右,當在0.5~1倍跡長區(qū)間內(nèi),初期滲透系數(shù)增幅較慢,滲透系數(shù)可以增加4倍左右;間距對滲透系數(shù)的影響作用相對較小:間距在0.5~1.5倍變化范圍內(nèi),隨著間距的增大,使?jié)B透系數(shù)減小1倍的大小。
[Abstract]:The study of seepage characteristics of fractured rock is of great significance to oil and gas exploitation, soil and water exploitation, environmental protection and gas storage. Among them, Zhang Liang of fractured rock mass is an important parameter to characterize seepage characteristics of large rock mass projects, such as dams. Application of underground tunnel, nuclear power plant foundation and oil storage. In this paper, a discrete fracture network model with high reduction degree of rock mass is used to analyze the seepage of rock mass, and the spatial storage mode of fracture is optimized by using adjacent matrix, which improves the efficiency of numerical simulation. The computer calculation of three-dimensional rotation of fractured rock mass is carried out to obtain a more true three-dimensional spatial permeation Zhang Liang, and the influence of geometric parameters of fractured rock mass on the permeability coefficient of rock mass is investigated by controlling the change of single variable. It is found that the change of trace length is very obvious to the permeability coefficient. The main works are as follows: the traditional storage of space fissure network in the computer not only occupies a lot of dynamic memory, but also stores a large amount of useless data. In this paper, we use the method of adjacent list array to store the intersections of crack disks. The storage of effective cracks directly according to connected components saves a lot of memory space than using two-dimensional array storage. On the basis of simplified pipe element discrete fracture network model, in order to use equivalent continuum medium model to analyze seepage problem, Two methods of determining permeability Zhang Liang are compared and analyzed: the permeability coefficient of hydraulic gradient direction is calculated by computer simulation of fractured rock mass specimen with different sizes, and the stability of infiltrating Zhang Liang is determined by analyzing the degree of variation; The existence of permeable Zhang Liang is inferred by rotating the network of fractured rock mass by rotating 3D object, fitting the permeability coefficient of every direction in the space, and investigating the similarity between the seepage ellipsoid and the seepage ellipsoid. The corresponding numerical model is generated from the field measured parameters, and the principal permeability coefficient and the principal direction error and the measured value are all about 20%, compared with Zhang Liang, which has been checked in the field. The discrete fracture network parameters are used to characterize the spatial distribution of fractured rock mass and form the basis of fracture network model. The geometric parameters of rock fracture affect the permeability of fracture network model. In this paper, the influence of different hydraulic parameters on seepage of fractured rock mass is analyzed, and it is found that trace length has the greatest effect on permeability coefficient: when the standard track length increases by 1 ~ 2 times, the permeability coefficient increases about 9 times, and when the trace length is 0.5 ~ 1, the permeability coefficient increases by about 9 times. At the beginning, the increase of permeability coefficient is slow, the permeability coefficient can be increased by about 4 times, and the effect of spacing on permeability coefficient is relatively small: when the distance is in the range of 0.5 ~ 1.5 times, the permeability coefficient decreases by 1 times with the increase of the distance.
【學位授予單位】：華北電力大學(北京)
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU45

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