【摘要】：新疆且末是和田玉最重要的產(chǎn)地之一。本文對新疆且末天泰礦區(qū)和田玉進(jìn)行了寶石礦物學(xué)特征、地質(zhì)成因等方面的研究,為開發(fā)利用和田玉資源提供理論依據(jù)。重點(diǎn)研究礦物學(xué)特征(包括玉石的結(jié)構(gòu)、礦物組成、化學(xué)組成、微量元素分布等),調(diào)查新疆且末天泰礦區(qū)和田玉礦床的地質(zhì)特征和成因。進(jìn)行寶石學(xué)常規(guī)測試得出:該礦區(qū)和田玉顏色主要為白色、淺黃-褐-深褐色、淺綠-深綠色,以青白色為主;透明度為微透明;光澤為玻璃光澤至油脂光澤;摩氏硬度6.29左右;相對密度2.96左右;折射率1.60左右。選取典型樣品進(jìn)行磨片,觀察和田玉在偏光顯微鏡、電子顯微鏡下的微形貌,研究其結(jié)構(gòu)特征,得出:該礦區(qū)和田玉的顯微結(jié)構(gòu)種類多樣,主要為顯微纖維變晶結(jié)構(gòu)和毛氈狀變晶結(jié)構(gòu);和田玉的主要構(gòu)造類型為塊狀構(gòu)造。運(yùn)用電子探針、紅外光譜、XRD、拉曼光譜等現(xiàn)代技術(shù)研究和田玉礦物成分,得出:該礦區(qū)和田玉主要礦物成分為透閃石,雜質(zhì)礦物主要有透輝石、白云石、榍石、綠簾石、磁鐵礦、磷灰石、褐鐵礦等。運(yùn)用化學(xué)成分分析等手段研究和田玉化學(xué)成分,得出:該礦區(qū)和田玉主要化學(xué)成分的含量與透閃石的理論成分接近,基本反映了透閃石的主要化學(xué)成分Ca2Mg5[Si8O22](OH)2,且樣品綠色(青色)越深,Fe元素含量越高。研究和田玉“糖色”的致色機(jī)理,得出:糖玉的化學(xué)成分中,Fe含量的增加與糖玉的顏色加深無明顯關(guān)系。鐵質(zhì)礦物浸染分布于糖玉透閃石顆粒間、微裂隙中,致使其呈現(xiàn)黃褐色,推測為針鐵礦。通過氧、硅穩(wěn)定同位分析,稀土元素分析等,得出:該礦區(qū)和田玉礦床屬于巖漿熱液交代型成因礦床,生成于鎂質(zhì)大理巖與中酸性侵入巖的接觸交代部位。
[Abstract]:Xinjiang Qianluo is one of the most important places of production of Hetian jade. In this paper, the characteristics of gemstone mineralogy and geological origin of Hetian jade in Qiemuotai mining area, Xinjiang, are studied in order to provide a theoretical basis for the exploitation and utilization of Hetian jade resources. The mineralogical characteristics (including the structure, mineral composition, chemical composition, distribution of trace elements, etc.) of Jade are mainly studied, and the geological characteristics and genesis of Hetian Jade deposit in Qijimuotai mining area, Xinjiang, are investigated. It is found that the color of Hetian jade in this mine is mainly white, yellowish-brown-dark brown, light green and dark green, mainly green and white, transparency is slightly transparent, luster is glass luster to grease luster; The hardness of Morse is about 6.29, the relative density is about 2.96, and the refractive index is about 1.60. Selected typical samples for grinding, observe the micro-morphology of Hetian jade under polarizing microscope and electron microscope, and study its structural characteristics. It is concluded that the microstructure of Hetian jade in this mining area is various. The main structural types of Hetian jade are block structure. The mineral composition of Hetian jade is studied by means of electron probe, infrared spectrum XRD and Raman spectroscopy. It is concluded that the main mineral composition of Hetian jade in this mining area is tremolite, impurity minerals are mainly diopside, dolomite, sphene, verdant, magnetite, etc. Apatite, limonite, etc. The chemical composition of Hetian jade is studied by means of chemical composition analysis. It is concluded that the content of main chemical composition of Hetian jade in this mining area is close to the theoretical composition of tremolite. The main chemical composition of tremolite, Ca2Mg5 [Si8O22] (OH) _ 2, is basically reflected, and the deeper the green (cyan) of the sample is, the higher the content of Fe is. The mechanism of "sugar color" of Hetian jade is studied. It is concluded that the increase of Fe content in the chemical composition of the sugar jade has no obvious relationship with the color deepening of the sugar jade. Iron minerals are disseminated between the grains of sugar jade tremolites and in the microcracks, resulting in yellowish brown, which is supposed to be goethite. Through the analysis of oxygen, silicon stability and rare earth elements, it is concluded that the Hetian jade deposit belongs to magmatic hydrothermal metasomatic type and is formed in the contact metasomatism between magnesia marble and intermediate-acid intrusive rocks.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P619.28

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