【摘要】：貴州黔東南地區(qū)第3寒武世(傳統(tǒng)中寒武世)凱里生物群,生物組成上僅次于中國云南澄江生物群和加拿大布爾吉斯頁巖生物群,位于全球布爾吉斯頁巖型生物群第三位,包括11個門類140多屬化石。腕足類無論屬種數(shù)還是化石標本數(shù)都是僅次于節(jié)肢動物的第二大門類,是凱里生物群的重要動物門類。基于凱里組豐富的腕足類化石材料,作者在以下幾方面開展了研究工作,并取得明顯的進展。首先,為了查明凱里生物群乃至整個凱里組腕足動物類群組成面貌及組成特征,我們用現(xiàn)代古生物學理念指導下的系統(tǒng)古生物學方法,對3個產地4個剖面(劍河八郎的烏溜-曾家崖和苗板坡凱里組剖面、丹寨南皋三灣凱里組剖面和鎮(zhèn)遠竹坪凱里組付家沖剖面)中的凱里組腕足類進行了研究,整個凱里組腕足類,分屬2個亞門3個綱4個目6個科11屬,共計13種,包括2個未定種和6個新種(其中兩個種已經發(fā)表),即舌形貝型亞門(Linguliformea Williams et al.,1996)8屬9種:賓爪厄小舌形貝Lingulella bynguanoensis RobertsJell,1990,臺江鱗舌形貝Lingulepis taijiangensis Huang,Wang,ZhaoDai,1994,伯瑞堂古圓貨貝Palaeobolus bretonensis Matthew,1899,波希米亞乳房貝Acrothele bohemica Barrande,1990,凱里乳房貝(新種)Acrothele kailiensis sp.nov.,膨大林納遜貝Linnarssonia tumida HendersonMacKinnon,1981,劍河神父貝(新種)Paterina jianhensis sp.nov.,八郎網(wǎng)形貝(新種)Dictyonina balangia sp.nov.,小帽貝(未定種)Micromitra sp.,和小嘴貝型亞門(Rhynchonelliformea Williams et al.,1996)3屬4種:屯州顧脫貝(新種)kutorginadengzhouensissp.nov.,貴州艾蘇貝nisusiaguizhouensismao,zhao,wangtopper,2017,瘤點艾蘇貝nisusiagranosamao,wangzhao,2014,古殼貝(未定種)eoconchasp.。凱里生物群腕足類從種的組成及數(shù)量看,以艾蘇貝nisusia為核心,含有兩個種,即貴州艾蘇貝nisusiaguizhouensis和瘤點艾蘇貝nisusiagranosa,艾蘇貝標本總數(shù)量已達430多件。其次為乳房貝acrothele,有170多件,兩個種,其中一個新種,即波希米亞乳房貝acrothelebohemica和凱里乳房貝(新種)acrothelekailiensissp.nov.。數(shù)量上位居第三的是古圓貨貝palaeobolus,標本數(shù)量達110多件,此屬只有1種。標本數(shù)量依次減少的屬為林納遜貝linnarsson、神父貝paterina、古殼貝eoconcha、顧脫貝kutorgina、網(wǎng)形貝dictyonina、鱗舌形貝lingulepis、小帽貝micromitra、小舌形貝lingulella,這8個屬分異度都低,均只有1種。大部分屬種為無鉸類,部分為有鉸類,反映寒武紀第3世早期,有鉸類已經開始明顯增多,舌形貝型亞門無鉸類在寒武紀時期占據(jù)重要的位置。其次,通過劍河烏溜-曾家崖及苗板坡兩個凱里組剖面豐富的腕足類層位分布統(tǒng)計,腕足類有明顯的分帶性,下部到上部都有腕足類分布,從下至上可劃分為3個組合:1.nisusiaguizhouensis-palaeobolusbretonensis組合;2.paterinajianhensis-kutorginadengzhouensis組合;3.acrothelebohemica-acrothelekailiensis組合。腕足類的這些變化與三葉蟲的3個分帶有相似之處,腕足類在凱里組中的變化,為寒武紀第5階的研究提供了腕足類生物地層方面的材料。關于凱里組腕足類生物地層、古生物地理及腕足類演化等方面的內容,主要通過不同剖面腕足類的組成特征及全球不同時代布爾吉斯頁巖型生物群腕足類比較與分析等方法進行研究。凱里生物群與全球其它著名的布爾吉斯頁巖型生物群的腕足類相比,如產于寒武紀第2世的澄江生物群中9屬腕足類,僅有1屬(kutorgina)與凱里生物群中的相同。同產于寒武紀第3世第5階的布爾吉斯頁巖生物群中6屬腕足類,有4屬(lingulella,paterina,micromitra,nisusia)與凱里生物群中的腕足類相似。相比之下,凱里生物群的腕足類更具有北美的色彩,除了可能與腕足類幼年期浮游生活有關系外,可能與它們的地質時代同處于寒武紀第3世第5階即時代相近,以及寒武紀時布爾吉斯頁巖生物群所處的勞倫板塊和凱里生物群所處的華南板塊同處于相同的緯度等有一定的關系。最后,關于的腕足類形態(tài)功能、生活方式及埋藏特征等方面的探討,運用現(xiàn)代古生態(tài)的的理論為指導,通過對少量珍惜標本的研究,認為凱里組腕足類具有豐富的生態(tài)現(xiàn)象及埋藏特征。其中腕足類與水母狀擬輪盤水母缽(Pararotadiscus)、棘皮動物始海百合(Sinoeocrinus、Globoeocrinus)、大型雙瓣殼節(jié)肢動物耙肢蝦(Occacaris)及刺細胞動物寒武線螺(Cambrovitus)等,具有共生、共埋、固著基底等共存關系。幾十件兩殼相連保存的乳房貝(Acrothele)標本,說明乳房貝死亡后軟體鉸合部分來不及失去功能和腐爛,且未經過長距離搬運等,便快速埋藏,為證明凱里生物群快速埋藏提供了有力證據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The third Cambrian (traditional Middle Cambrian) Kei biota in Guizhou, Guizhou, is located in the third part of the world's Burghis shale-type biota, which consists of 11 categories of more than 140 species of fossils, only after China's Yunnan Chenjiang biota and Canada's Burghis shale biota. Whether it belongs to the species number or the number of fossil specimens is the second largest category next to arthropods, it is an important animal category of the Kei biota. Based on the abundant brachiopod fossil materials in Keli Formation, the author carried out the research work in the following aspects and made obvious progress. First of all, in order to find out the composition and composition of the brachiopod group of Kei biota and even the whole Keli group, we use the ancient biological method of the system under the guidance of modern paleontology, to cross section of four sections of the three places (the Wuyi-Zeng Jiya and the seedling plate slope of the Sword River), The brachiopod was studied in the Keli Formation in the Keli Formation section of the Sanwan Keli Formation of Danzhai South and the Keli Formation in Zhenyuan, and the brachiopod of the whole Keli group belonged to 3 classes, 4 orders, 6 families, 11 genera and 13 species, belonging to 2 sub-doors. comprises two uncertain species and six new species (two of which have been published), namely, the tongue-shaped shellfish type sub-door (Lingulwanmea Williams et al., 1996) 8 genera and 9 species, namely, the tongue-shaped shellfish Lingulella bynguanoensis RobersJell, 1990, the Taijiang scale tongue-shaped shellfish Linguiangensis Huang, Wang, Zhaodai, 1994, Burre Hall, Palaeobolus bretonensis Fisw, 1899, Arothele bohemica Barrande, 1990, Keli Mammy Tumida Hennessy MacKinnon, 1981, Father Patterina jianheensis sp. nov., 1981, Father of the Sword River (new species) Patterina juensis sp. nov., Trigonina balangia sp. nov., Micromitra sp., and Rynchonelliformea Williams et al., 1996) 3 genera and 4 species: Kutorginadengzhoniismao, zhao, wangtopper, 2017, tumor point Esubeisushiagransamiao, wangzhhao, 2014, ancient shell shellfish (undetermined species) eoconchasp. According to the composition and quantity of the brachiopod of Kei biota, the total number of Esubeissia is the core and contains two species, i.e., the total number of Asubeissiguizhouensis and the tumor site, Asubeismus iagranosa, and the total number of Esubeba specimens has reached 430 pieces. Among them, there are more than 170 species, two species, one new species, namely Bohemia's breast Beacrothelebohemica, and Kerethelekailisenspl.nov., a new species. In the third place, the number of samples in the third place is Beloaeobolus, the number of specimens is over 110, which belongs to only 1 species. In order to reduce the number of specimens, there are only one species, which is Linnerson Bellinnarsson, Father Belpatina, Paleo-shell Beeoconcha, Gu Debenkutororina, net-shaped Berdictyonina, scaly-tongue-shaped shellfish, small cap Bemicro litra and small tongue-shaped Berlingulella. Most of the genera are non-hinged, and some are hinge-type, which reflect the early Cambrian Period 3, and the hinge class has begun to increase significantly, and the tongue-shaped Belleville-type sub-gate does not occupy an important position during the Cambrian period. Secondly, by means of the distribution of brachiopod horizon, which is rich in the cross section of the two Keuli groups, which have been divided into three combinations: 1. nisciaguizhouensis-Bagaeobolusbretonensis assemblage; 2. patterinajensis-kutorginadengzhouensis assemblage; 3. acrothelehemica-acrothelekailiensis assemblage. These changes in the brachiopod are similar to the 3 points of the trilobite, and the changes of the brachiopod in the Keli group provide the basis for the study of the 5th order of the Cambrian. On the basis of the composition of brachiopod of different sections and the comparison and analysis of Bringis shale type biological group in different sections of the world. The Kei biota is the same as the brachiopod of the rest of the world's well-known Bolis shale-type biota, such as the 9 brachiopod of the Biota Biota of the Cambrian Period 2, and only one genus (kutororina) is the same as in the Keli biota. Of the six types of brachiopod in the Burgis shale biota of the 5th order of Cambrian, there are 4 genera (lingulella, pathina, microitra, nissia) which are similar to the brachiopod of the Keli biota. In contrast, the Cartier's brachiopod has the color of North America, which, in addition to being linked to the floating life of the brachiopod, may be similar to their geological age at the 5th stage of the Cambrian Period, At the same time, the South China plate at the Burghis shale biota at the time of Cambrian and the South China plate at the Keli biota are at the same latitude and so on. Finally, on the basis of the theory of modern ancient ecology, the author thinks that Carri's brachiopod has abundant ecological phenomena and burial features by using the theory of modern ancient ecology as the guide. Among them, brachiopod and jellyfish-like jellyfish bowl (Parrotadiscus), echinococcus sp., Gloeococus, large bivalve shell arthropods, Camrovitus, etc., have the coexistence of co-existence, co-burying, sessile base and so on. Acrothele specimens, which are preserved by two shells, indicate that the soft hinge joint part of the breast shellfish is too late to lose function and rot, and is not transported by long distance, so that it can be buried quickly to provide strong evidence to prove the rapid burial of the Keli biota.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：Q915

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