【摘要】：地震波場數值模擬,就是在假定地下介質結構模型和相應的物理參數已知的情況下,模擬研究地震波在地下各種介質中的傳播規(guī)律,并計算在地面或地下各觀測點所觀測到的數值地震記錄的一種地震模擬方法。該方法是研究復雜地區(qū)地震資料采集、處理和解釋的有效輔助手段。其方法可以歸納為三類:射線追蹤法、積分方程法和波動方程數值解方法。由于波動方程的地震波場數值模擬方法采用數值計算方法直接求解波動方程,包含了地震波的動力學和運動學特征,波場信息豐富,模擬結果較為準確,所以波動方程數值模擬方法一直在地震波場數值模擬中占有重要地位。本文提出了綜合建模、彈性正演+疊前處理+偏移處理、流體替換技術的高精度地震波場數值模擬方法。首先從雙程波動方程數值模擬方法原理及常規(guī)的模型建立方法出發(fā)并總結分析,基于常規(guī)的模型建立方法的缺點,提出了綜合建模的方法,包含精細建模及巖石物理測試數據與測井數據建立精確的參數模型。其次,充分研究各類正演模擬方法,并選擇雙程彈性波動方程進行正演模擬,對正演記錄進行疊前處理和偏移處理,形成一套彈性正演+疊前處理+疊前偏移的新流程,對于高精度地震波場數值模擬是一個新思路。并在最終模型上,采用流體替換技術分析對儲層中不同流體飽和狀態(tài)下的地震響應特征進行數值模擬,為后續(xù)油水識別提供可靠的理論基礎。最后結合BH地區(qū)的實際地震資料進行實例應用分析,得到以下結論:(1)綜合建模的方法能夠得到更加精細的模型及精確的參數模型;(2)提出了彈性正演+疊前處理+偏移處理的綜合方法;(3)在最終的模型上,對儲層采用流體替換技術分析,獲得各種流體飽和狀態(tài)下儲層的地震反射波場特征,為后續(xù)油水識別提供了理論基礎;(4)對BH地區(qū)的代表性模型采用高精度地震波場數值模擬方法進行分析研究,該研究區(qū)的代表性模型的地震響應特征分析具有實際應用價值。
[Abstract]:The numerical simulation of seismic wave field is to simulate and study the propagation law of seismic wave in various underground media on the assumption that the structural model of underground medium and the corresponding physical parameters are known. An earthquake simulation method for calculating the numerical seismic records observed at surface or underground observation points is presented. This method is an effective auxiliary means to study seismic data acquisition, processing and interpretation in complex areas. The methods can be divided into three categories: ray tracing method, integral equation method and wave equation numerical solution method. The seismic wave field numerical simulation method of wave equation adopts numerical calculation method to solve wave equation directly, which includes the dynamics and kinematics characteristics of seismic wave, the information of wave field is abundant, and the simulation result is more accurate. Therefore, wave equation numerical simulation method has been playing an important role in seismic wave field numerical simulation. In this paper, a high precision numerical simulation method of seismic wave field is presented, which includes comprehensive modeling, elastic forward prestack migration processing and fluid replacement technique. Firstly, based on the principle of numerical simulation method of two-way wave equation and the conventional modeling method, this paper summarizes and analyzes the shortcomings of the conventional modeling method, and puts forward a comprehensive modeling method. Including fine modeling and rock physical test data and logging data to establish accurate parameter model. Secondly, all kinds of forward modeling methods are fully studied, and two way elastic wave equation is chosen to carry out forward modeling, and prestack processing and migration processing of forward modeling record are carried out to form a new process of elastic forward processing prestack migration. It is a new idea for high precision numerical simulation of seismic wave field. In the final model, the fluid replacement technique is used to analyze the seismic response characteristics of different fluid saturation state in reservoir, which provides a reliable theoretical basis for the subsequent oil-water identification. Finally, combined with the actual seismic data in BH area, the practical application analysis is carried out. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the synthetic modeling method can get more precise model and precise parameter model; (2) the synthetic method of elastic forward prestack migration processing is proposed; (3) in the final model, The seismic reflection wave field characteristics of the reservoir under various fluid saturation conditions are obtained by using fluid replacement technique. It provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent identification of oil and water. (4) the high precision seismic wave field numerical simulation method is used to analyze the representative model in BH area. The seismic response characteristic analysis of the representative model in this study area has practical application value.
【學位授予單位】：成都理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P631.4

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