虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)下交互式地震數(shù)據(jù)場可視化的研究與設(shè)計(jì)
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-18 17:47
【摘要】：地震勘探是當(dāng)今世界范圍內(nèi)最為常用的油氣藏勘探手段之一。近年來,隨著地震勘探技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展,地震勘探的深度越來越大,面對的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造也越來越復(fù)雜,采集到的地震數(shù)據(jù)體規(guī)模也越來越龐大。地震數(shù)據(jù)的價(jià)值在于它能反映出地下信息,將這些巨量的、雜亂的、抽象的數(shù)據(jù)以圖形、圖像的形式展示出來,對下一步的地震資料處理及解釋工作提供有力幫助,本課題即是研究地震數(shù)據(jù)可視化方面的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。二維圖像可視化是最基本的科學(xué)計(jì)算可視化方法之一,在地震數(shù)據(jù)可視化領(lǐng)域中,二維剖面展示也是最為常用的可視化方法之一。然而隨著三維地震勘探技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步,相比二維可視化過程中信息丟失的問題,三維可視化技術(shù)可以更加充分利用地震數(shù)據(jù),以直觀的三維圖像對各種復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行展示,成為尋找油氣藏的有效手段。在這種情況之下,如何利用計(jì)算機(jī)中央處理器CPU以及圖像處理器GPU的高速運(yùn)算能力,實(shí)現(xiàn)三維可視化算法,提高算法運(yùn)行效率,豐富軟件交互方式,是目前亟待解決的問題。對此眾多地球物理勘探公司和科研機(jī)構(gòu)都投入了大量的精力和物力,致力于地震數(shù)據(jù)可視化及交互技術(shù)的研究。在調(diào)研大量文獻(xiàn)之后,本文總結(jié)了地震數(shù)據(jù)可視化背景所涉及的技術(shù),包括科學(xué)計(jì)算可視化技術(shù)、地震數(shù)據(jù)采集及存儲格式以及跨平臺圖像庫Qt和開放圖形庫OpenGL,為可視化系統(tǒng)的實(shí)現(xiàn)提供了思路。針對地震數(shù)據(jù)可視化問題,本文從科學(xué)計(jì)算可視化技術(shù)出發(fā),分析了通用的科學(xué)計(jì)算可視化處理流程及常用可視化算法。在此基礎(chǔ)之上,針對海量地震數(shù)據(jù),分析了三維數(shù)據(jù)網(wǎng)格化技術(shù),為三維可視化建模問題提供了理想的解決辦法。隨后總結(jié)了現(xiàn)有二維剖面可視化和三維地震數(shù)據(jù)場可視化方法,并對可視化方法的優(yōu)劣性進(jìn)行分析,為系統(tǒng)可視化方法的最終實(shí)現(xiàn)提供了合理的參考。此外針對未來地震數(shù)據(jù)可視化的發(fā)展趨勢——虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù),本文也進(jìn)行了簡短的、前瞻性的探討；本文針對地震數(shù)據(jù)場交互式技術(shù),重點(diǎn)分析了系統(tǒng)縮放功能、色標(biāo)設(shè)置功能、切面繪制功能以及層位拾取功能,并對這四種交互功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)原理進(jìn)行了較為詳細(xì)的介紹,為系統(tǒng)交互式設(shè)計(jì)提供了依據(jù)；最后系統(tǒng)按照軟件工程思想進(jìn)行開發(fā),先后經(jīng)過系統(tǒng)概述、系統(tǒng)需求分析、系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計(jì)以及系統(tǒng)流程設(shè)計(jì)等步驟后,采用面向?qū)ο缶幊痰拈_發(fā)方式,實(shí)現(xiàn)了在Linux平臺下輕量級的交互式地震數(shù)據(jù)場可視化系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)使用跨平臺圖像庫Qt作為界面設(shè)計(jì)工具,采用C++作為主要的開發(fā)語言,實(shí)現(xiàn)了交互功能和可視化功能。其次,使用Ⅰ-710KB, Ⅱ-3.6MB, Ⅲ-91MB, Ⅳ-363MB,Ⅴ-3.0GB五個(gè)不同大小的地震數(shù)據(jù)體對系統(tǒng)功能、性能進(jìn)行測試,測試結(jié)果表明該系統(tǒng)基本滿足了地質(zhì)人員對可視化功能的要求,但是相比同類的成熟商業(yè)軟件,該系統(tǒng)功能還比較單一,且性能也存在較大的改進(jìn)余地。然后,針對系統(tǒng)加載較大地震數(shù)據(jù)體時(shí),繪制圖像緩慢的問題,采用GPU高性能運(yùn)算CUDA并行運(yùn)算技術(shù)對繪制算法進(jìn)行優(yōu)化和加速,最終結(jié)果表明該技術(shù)可以極大的提高數(shù)據(jù)體的繪制速度,節(jié)約了地質(zhì)人員的等待時(shí)間,取得了良好的效果。文末,對系統(tǒng)各部分功能進(jìn)行總結(jié),指出目前工作中存在的不足,并提出了工作展望。
[Abstract]:Seismic exploration is one of the most commonly used means of oil and gas reservoir exploration in the world. In recent years, with the rapid development of seismic exploration technology, the depth of seismic exploration is becoming larger and larger, the geological structure is becoming more and more complex, and the size of seismic data volume is becoming larger and larger. Underground information, these huge, messy, abstract data in the form of graphics, images to display, for the next step of seismic data processing and interpretation work is a powerful help, this topic is the study of seismic data visualization related content. In the field of seismic data visualization, two-dimensional section display is also one of the most commonly used visualization methods. However, with the continuous progress of three-dimensional seismic exploration technology, compared with the problem of information loss in two-dimensional visualization process, three-dimensional visualization technology can make full use of seismic data to intuitive three-dimensional images of various complex structures. In this case, how to make use of the high-speed computing ability of CPU and GPU of the computer central processing unit to realize the three-dimensional visualization algorithm, improve the efficiency of the algorithm and enrich the software interaction mode is an urgent problem to be solved. After investigating a large number of literatures, this paper summarizes the techniques involved in the background of seismic data visualization, including visualization of scientific computing, seismic data acquisition and storage formats, and cross-platform image database Qt and opening. In view of the visualization of seismic data, starting from the visualization technology of scientific computing, this paper analyzes the general visualization processing flow and common visualization algorithm of scientific computing. On this basis, aiming at the massive seismic data, this paper analyzes the three-dimensional data gridding technology. This paper summarizes the existing methods of two-dimensional section visualization and three-dimensional seismic data field visualization, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of these methods, which provides a reasonable reference for the final realization of the system visualization method. The trend-virtual reality technology is also discussed briefly and prospectively in this paper.In view of the interactive technology of seismic data field,the system scaling function,color mark setting function,section drawing function and layer picking function are analyzed emphatically.The realization principle of these four interactive functions is introduced in detail. Finally, the system is developed according to the idea of software engineering. After the steps of system overview, system requirement analysis, system overall design and system flow design, the lightweight interactive seismic data field visualization system based on Linux platform is realized by object-oriented programming. The system uses the cross-platform image library Qt as the interface design tool and C++ as the main development language to realize the interactive and visualization functions. Secondly, the system functions and performances are tested with five different sizes of seismic data volume: I-710KB, II-3.6MB, III-91MB, IV-363MB, V-3.0GB. The test results show that the system has good performance. The system basically satisfies the requirements of geological personnel for visualization function, but compared with the mature commercial software of the same kind, the system has a single function, and there is still much room for improvement in performance. Then, aiming at the problem of slow rendering image when the system loads large seismic data volume, the GPU high-performance computing CUDA parallel computing technology is adopted. The rendering algorithm is optimized and accelerated. The results show that the technique can greatly improve the rendering speed of data volume, save the waiting time of geologists and achieve good results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P631.44;TP391.41
[Abstract]:Seismic exploration is one of the most commonly used means of oil and gas reservoir exploration in the world. In recent years, with the rapid development of seismic exploration technology, the depth of seismic exploration is becoming larger and larger, the geological structure is becoming more and more complex, and the size of seismic data volume is becoming larger and larger. Underground information, these huge, messy, abstract data in the form of graphics, images to display, for the next step of seismic data processing and interpretation work is a powerful help, this topic is the study of seismic data visualization related content. In the field of seismic data visualization, two-dimensional section display is also one of the most commonly used visualization methods. However, with the continuous progress of three-dimensional seismic exploration technology, compared with the problem of information loss in two-dimensional visualization process, three-dimensional visualization technology can make full use of seismic data to intuitive three-dimensional images of various complex structures. In this case, how to make use of the high-speed computing ability of CPU and GPU of the computer central processing unit to realize the three-dimensional visualization algorithm, improve the efficiency of the algorithm and enrich the software interaction mode is an urgent problem to be solved. After investigating a large number of literatures, this paper summarizes the techniques involved in the background of seismic data visualization, including visualization of scientific computing, seismic data acquisition and storage formats, and cross-platform image database Qt and opening. In view of the visualization of seismic data, starting from the visualization technology of scientific computing, this paper analyzes the general visualization processing flow and common visualization algorithm of scientific computing. On this basis, aiming at the massive seismic data, this paper analyzes the three-dimensional data gridding technology. This paper summarizes the existing methods of two-dimensional section visualization and three-dimensional seismic data field visualization, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of these methods, which provides a reasonable reference for the final realization of the system visualization method. The trend-virtual reality technology is also discussed briefly and prospectively in this paper.In view of the interactive technology of seismic data field,the system scaling function,color mark setting function,section drawing function and layer picking function are analyzed emphatically.The realization principle of these four interactive functions is introduced in detail. Finally, the system is developed according to the idea of software engineering. After the steps of system overview, system requirement analysis, system overall design and system flow design, the lightweight interactive seismic data field visualization system based on Linux platform is realized by object-oriented programming. The system uses the cross-platform image library Qt as the interface design tool and C++ as the main development language to realize the interactive and visualization functions. Secondly, the system functions and performances are tested with five different sizes of seismic data volume: I-710KB, II-3.6MB, III-91MB, IV-363MB, V-3.0GB. The test results show that the system has good performance. The system basically satisfies the requirements of geological personnel for visualization function, but compared with the mature commercial software of the same kind, the system has a single function, and there is still much room for improvement in performance. Then, aiming at the problem of slow rendering image when the system loads large seismic data volume, the GPU high-performance computing CUDA parallel computing technology is adopted. The rendering algorithm is optimized and accelerated. The results show that the technique can greatly improve the rendering speed of data volume, save the waiting time of geologists and achieve good results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P631.44;TP391.41
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