【摘要】：我國西北內(nèi)陸地區(qū)由于氣候干旱，水資源相對貧乏導(dǎo)致供需矛盾十分突出。西北內(nèi)陸干旱盆地的水資源主要形成于山區(qū)而消耗于山間盆地，補(bǔ)給源為降水和冰雪融水。由于水資源主要產(chǎn)自高山區(qū)，經(jīng)歷漫長徑流最終轉(zhuǎn)化為平原區(qū)盆地地下水，這決定了干旱盆地地下水循環(huán)的復(fù)雜性，如地下水的起源和成因、地表水與地下水的轉(zhuǎn)化關(guān)系、地下水補(bǔ)給量的時(shí)空變化、地下水的可更新能力等問題是當(dāng)前干旱區(qū)水資源評價(jià)過程中的難點(diǎn)。因此，開展干旱區(qū)典型流域的地下水循環(huán)模式研究，，有助于科學(xué)認(rèn)識(shí)區(qū)域水資源的形成機(jī)制，從而制定合理的區(qū)域水資源開發(fā)利用方案。 本文依托于中國地調(diào)局項(xiàng)目“柴達(dá)木盆地循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)試驗(yàn)區(qū)重點(diǎn)地區(qū)水文地質(zhì)調(diào)查”專題《魚卡河流域地下水與地表水轉(zhuǎn)化關(guān)系及地下水可更新能力研究》，以魚卡河流域中下游魚卡-馬海盆地為主要研究區(qū)，對研究區(qū)地下水來源、地表水-地下水的轉(zhuǎn)化關(guān)系、地下水循環(huán)模式等方面展開展了系統(tǒng)的研究，從而為魚卡河流域及周邊地區(qū)制定合理的地下水開采利用方案提供依據(jù)。 為研究魚卡河流域地表水與地下水轉(zhuǎn)化關(guān)系，本次研究中分別通過河水和周邊地區(qū)水體TDS含量、δ18O值指示魚卡河河水與地下水之間的沿程轉(zhuǎn)化關(guān)系：在魚卡河上游山區(qū)，主要表現(xiàn)為地下水轉(zhuǎn)化為河水；中游魚卡盆地，河水入滲補(bǔ)給地下水，而后地下水又溢出補(bǔ)給河水；在綠梁山峽谷段，地表水-地下水水力聯(lián)系不密切，僅在局部地段地下水溢出。在下游馬海盆地山前戈壁帶，河水入滲補(bǔ)給地下水；在魚卡河尾段馬海河，地下水溢出補(bǔ)給河水。 論文在分析魚卡河流域天然水體的水化學(xué)和環(huán)境同位素時(shí)空分布變化特征的基礎(chǔ)上，初步闡明了魚卡河流域地下水的補(bǔ)給來源和區(qū)域水循環(huán)基本特征。研究表明，魚卡河流域地下水補(bǔ)給源于高山區(qū)的魚卡河及其支流嗷嘮河，在地表水的徑流和沿程的地表水-地下水轉(zhuǎn)化的共同作用下，魚卡河中下游魚卡-馬海盆地均得到相對穩(wěn)定且豐富的水補(bǔ)給。魚卡盆地地下水、馬海盆地戈壁帶潛水及細(xì)土帶大部分承壓水都基本保持了上游魚卡河河水的水化學(xué)特點(diǎn)。在馬海盆地細(xì)土平原帶，則距離河流越遠(yuǎn)，潛水TDS含量受蒸發(fā)和溶濾增加越高，承壓水TDS含量則在溶濾作用下緩慢升高，同時(shí)地下水14C活度、3H濃度逐漸降低，顯示其年齡逐漸變老，更新交替逐漸變緩，地下水δ18O、δ2H值逐漸低于河水，顯示古大氣降水補(bǔ)給的特征。馬海盆地是魚卡河流域水資源的最終排泄區(qū)，在其細(xì)土平原帶，地下水埋深變淺，以蒸發(fā)和泉的形式排泄。 綜合分析馬海盆地北緣泉群的水化學(xué)、氫氧穩(wěn)定同位素、溫度、地下水年齡和斷層的分布特征，推斷了泉群的成因：馬海盆地北緣各泉主要源于魚卡河及其支流嗷嘮河在馬海盆地入滲補(bǔ)給，河水入滲補(bǔ)給形成地下水后向西徑流過程中經(jīng)NE向斷層導(dǎo)水至NW向阻水?dāng)鄬犹幊雎冻扇�，泉水年齡在1837~5228年之間，更新交替較慢。
[Abstract]:The contradiction between supply and demand is very prominent in the northwest inland area of China because of the drought climate and the relative shortage of water resources. The complexity of groundwater cycle, such as the origin and origin of groundwater, the transformation relationship between surface water and groundwater, the spatio-temporal variation of groundwater recharge, and the renewable capacity of groundwater, is determined by groundwater in arid basins. The study of the environmental model is helpful to understand the formation mechanism of regional water resources scientifically and to formulate a reasonable scheme for the development and utilization of regional water resources.
Based on the project of "Hydrogeology Survey of Key Regions in the Experimental Zone of Circular Economy in Qaidam Basin" of China Geological Survey Bureau, the relationship between groundwater and surface water transformation and renewable capacity of groundwater in Yuka River Basin are studied in this paper. The relationship between water and groundwater, groundwater circulation model and other aspects have been studied systematically, so as to provide a basis for formulating reasonable groundwater exploitation and utilization schemes in Yuka River Basin and its surrounding areas.
In order to study the relationship between surface water and groundwater transformation in Yuka River Basin, the TDS content and the delta 18O value of the river water and the surrounding area were used to indicate the relationship between the surface water and groundwater in Yuka River Basin. Groundwater, and then groundwater overflow recharge River water; in the Luliangshan Gorge, surface water-groundwater hydraulic connection is not close, only in local areas of groundwater overflow.
Based on the analysis of the temporal and spatial variations of Hydrochemistry and environmental isotopes in the natural waters of the Yuka River Basin, the source of groundwater recharge and the basic characteristics of regional water cycle in the Yuka River Basin are preliminarily clarified. Under the combined action of runoff and surface water-groundwater transformation, the Yuka-Mahai basin in the middle and lower reaches of the Yuka River is relatively stable and abundant in water recharge. In the fine soil plain zone, the farther away from the river, the higher the TDS content of phreatic water increased by evaporation and leaching, and the TDS content of confined water increased slowly under leaching. At the same time, the activity of 14C and the concentration of 3H of groundwater decreased gradually, indicating that the groundwater was getting older gradually, and the regeneration was slowing down gradually, and the values of delta 18O and delta 2H of groundwater were gradually lower than those of river water. The characteristics of recharge. The Mahai Basin is the final discharge area of water resources in the Yuka River Basin. In its fine soil plain zone, the groundwater is buried shallowly and discharged in the form of evaporation and springs.
Based on the analysis of hydrochemistry, stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen, temperature, age of groundwater and distribution characteristics of faults in the northern margin of the Mahai Basin, the genesis of the spring group is deduced as follows: the springs in the northern margin of the Mahai Basin mainly originate from the infiltration and recharge of the Yuka River and its tributary, the Suohe River, in the Mahai Basin, which flows westward after the formation of groundwater. From NE-trending fault to NW-trending water-resisting fault, springs emerge and become springs. The age of springs ranges from 1837 to 5228, and the replacement is slow.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P641.2

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