【摘要】：索倫-林西地區(qū)位于內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)中部,包含突泉盆地、扎魯特盆地和烏拉蓋等中小型盆地,約15萬平方公里。林西組地層在研究區(qū)內(nèi)分布廣泛,厚度較大,在頁(yè)巖氣方面極具研究?jī)r(jià)值。但是本區(qū)林西組地層的巖石類型特征、成巖作用、沉積相研究還較為薄弱。本文在廣泛收集前人研究成果和大量野外剖面實(shí)測(cè)基礎(chǔ)上,利用鏡下觀察、全巖分析、粘土礦物分析、掃描電鏡、電子探針分析、孔滲測(cè)試、粒度分析等多種手段,系統(tǒng)研究了研究區(qū)晚二疊世林西組的巖石學(xué)特征、成巖作用及其對(duì)地層物性的影響;在還原研究區(qū)主要研究地點(diǎn)沉積相基礎(chǔ)上,并簡(jiǎn)單探討了巖體及熱液流體對(duì)巖石物性的影響。林西組的分布受控于研究區(qū)西北側(cè)的賀根山-黑河斷裂以及南部的西拉木倫河斷裂,賀根山-黑河斷裂西部、西拉木倫河斷裂南部無林西組分布。研究區(qū)內(nèi)林西組地層主要分布在索倫、扎魯特、林西等地區(qū)。主要的巖石類型為泥頁(yè)巖、巖屑長(zhǎng)石砂巖、長(zhǎng)石巖屑砂巖、巖屑石英砂巖及極少量的灰?guī)r。砂巖成分中石英,長(zhǎng)石、巖屑的含量均在30%左右,僅林西地區(qū)剖面頂部成熟度較高,石英含量達(dá)到80%。全巖分析的結(jié)果顯示泥頁(yè)巖中石英含量差別不大,為48%±;粘土礦物含量在突泉和扎魯特地區(qū)較高,分別為34.9%和39.9%;林西、索倫、西烏旗地區(qū)較低,分別為19.2%、26.7%和28.0%。X-射線衍射分析表明林西地區(qū)粘土礦物主要為伊利石,平均含量為76.1%;其次為綠泥石,平均含量為14.0%。碎屑巖成巖作用類型為壓實(shí)作用、膠結(jié)作用、交代作用及溶蝕作用。壓實(shí)作用體現(xiàn)在礦物接觸類型為線接觸-凹凸接觸,顆粒定向排列;膠結(jié)物主要為黏土礦物、硅質(zhì)礦物及碳酸鹽礦物,黏土膠結(jié)物以伊利石為主,綠泥石次之;碳酸鹽膠結(jié)物以方解石為主;硅質(zhì)膠結(jié)主要表現(xiàn)為石英次生加大和自生微晶石英;交代作用主要出現(xiàn)在林西地區(qū),主要表現(xiàn)方解石交代石英;溶蝕作用表現(xiàn)為礦物顆粒形成鑄�？缀土�(nèi)溶孔。碳酸鹽巖的成巖作用主要為壓實(shí)作用、膠結(jié)作用、交代作用、溶蝕作用,壓實(shí)作用使顆粒定向排列,灰?guī)r中的石英顆粒為凹凸接觸;膠結(jié)物類型為碳酸鹽膠結(jié)物,主要為亮晶方解石;交代作用表現(xiàn)為方解石交代石英,顆粒產(chǎn)生白云石化;溶蝕作用表現(xiàn)為膠結(jié)物中出現(xiàn)溶蝕孔隙。泥頁(yè)巖鏡質(zhì)體反射率(Ro)67%的測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)分布在2~4%;泥巖伊利石/蒙皂石(I/S)的S(%)含量中85%的數(shù)據(jù)15%;石英次生加大級(jí)別為一級(jí);顆粒間以線接觸為主;伊利石結(jié)晶度數(shù)據(jù)中72%位于0.2(Δ2θ)區(qū)間內(nèi)。綜合以上數(shù)據(jù),顯示研究區(qū)林西組碎屑巖處于晚成巖階段。研究區(qū)林西組砂巖孔隙度和滲透率較低,孔隙度平均值為2.64%,滲透率數(shù)據(jù)中有85%的數(shù)據(jù)0.04×10-3μm2,表明索倫-林西地區(qū)為一套低孔低滲儲(chǔ)層。砂巖儲(chǔ)層物性與成巖作用密切相關(guān),壓實(shí)作用、膠結(jié)作用使儲(chǔ)層孔隙度和滲透率降低;溶蝕作用使儲(chǔ)層孔隙度提高。地球化學(xué)微量元素Sr/Ba均1,B/Ga中有93%的數(shù)據(jù)3.3;扎魯特盆地鉆井揭示深部林西組地層巖性以厚層泥巖為主;古生物化石為西伯利亞地臺(tái)植物群、淡水雙殼類化石以及三種淡水葉肢介;以上證據(jù)均顯示索倫-林西地區(qū)林西組時(shí)期為陸相沉積環(huán)境。索倫地區(qū)林西組時(shí)期為以扇三角洲前緣相為主體,向半深湖相過渡的沉積相類型,出現(xiàn)正粒序砂巖和塊狀泥巖的組合;扎魯特地區(qū)為扇三角洲前緣相和半深湖相的交界地帶,表現(xiàn)為扎魯特南部為粒序多變砂巖和較厚泥巖的組合,扎魯特北部為整體厚度巨大的泥巖;林西地區(qū)主體為扇三角洲前緣相沉積,在半拉山村區(qū)域出現(xiàn)數(shù)次小規(guī)模海侵,表現(xiàn)為砂泥巖組合循環(huán)出現(xiàn),夾突變灰?guī)r透鏡體;西烏旗地區(qū)為半深湖相沉積,剖面以厚層泥巖為主。綜合分析表明,研究區(qū)整體上構(gòu)成了以西拉木倫河與賀根山-黑河斷裂為主要控制區(qū)的、以南北向物源供給為主的半深湖-扇三角洲沉積體系。
[Abstract]:Soren-Linxi area is located in the central part of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, including Tuquan Basin, Zalute Basin and Uragai Basin, about 150,000 square kilometers. The Linxi Formation strata are widely distributed and thick in the study area, which is of great value in shale gas research. On the basis of extensive collection of predecessors'research results and a large number of field profiles, this paper systematically studies the petrological characteristics and diagenesis of the Linxi Formation in the study area by means of microscopic observation, whole rock analysis, clay mineral analysis, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe analysis, pore permeability test and grain size analysis. Based on the sedimentary facies of the main research sites in the reduction area, the influence of rock mass and hydrothermal fluid on rock physical properties is briefly discussed. The distribution of the Linxi Formation is controlled by the Hegenshan-Heihe fault on the northwest side of the study area, the Xilamulun River fault in the south, the Hegenshan-Heihe fault in the west, and the Xilamu in the south. The main rock types are mud shale, lithic feldspar sandstone, feldspar lithic sandstone, lithic quartz sandstone and very small amount of limestone. The content of quartz, feldspar and lithic debris in sandstone is about 30%, only in Linxi area. The results of whole rock analysis show that the content of quartz in mudstone shale is little different, which is 48%+ and the clay mineral content is 34.9% and 39.9% respectively in Tuquan and Zalut areas, while that in Linxi, Solon and Xiwuqi areas is 19.2%, 26.7% and 28.0% respectively. The clay minerals in this area are mainly illite with an average content of 76.1%, followed by chlorite with an average content of 14.0%. The diagenesis of clastic rocks is characterized by compaction, cementation, metasomatism and dissolution. The clay cements are mainly illite, followed by chlorite; the carbonate cements are mainly calcite; the siliceous cements are mainly quartz secondary enlargement and authigenic microcrystalline quartz; the metasomatism mainly occurs in Linxi area, mainly calcite metasomatism quartz; and the dissolution is mineral particle formation and casting. The diagenesis of carbonate rocks is mainly compaction, cementation, metasomatism, dissolution and compaction, which make the grain aligned directionally and the quartz grains in limestone are in concave-convex contact; the cements are carbonate cements, mainly sparkling calcite; the metasomatism is calcite metasomatism quartz, and the grains are produced. Raw dolomitization; dissolution is characterized by the presence of dissolution pores in cements. The test data of vitrinite reflectance (Ro) 67% of mudstone shale are distributed between 2 and 4%; the data of S (%) content of mudstone illite/smectite (I/S) are 15%; the quartz secondary enlargement grade is first order; the line contact between particles is dominant; and 72% of illite crystallinity data are located at 0.2 (2). In the study area, the sandstone porosity and permeability of Linxi formation are low, the average porosity is 2.64%, and 85% of the permeability data is 0.04 Reservoir porosity and permeability are reduced by close correlation, compaction and cementation; porosity is increased by dissolution; data of 93% of geochemical trace element Sr/Ba is 1, B/Ga is 3.3; drilling in Zalut Basin reveals that the lithology of deep Linxi Formation is mainly thick mudstone; paleontological fossils are Siberian platform flora. Freshwater bivalve fossils and three kinds of freshwater phyllodes; all the above evidences show that the Linxi Formation in the Solon-Linxi area was a continental sedimentary environment; the Linxi Formation in the Solon area was a sedimentary facies type with fan delta front facies as the main body and transited to the semi-deep lacustrine facies, and there was a combination of orthorhombic sandstone and massive mudstone; The boundary zone between delta front facies and semi-deep lacustrine facies is characterized by the combination of sandstone and thick mudstone in the south of Zahrut, and the mudstone in the north of Zahrut with huge thickness as a whole. The study area consists of a semi-deep lake-fan delta sedimentary system dominated by the Xilamulun River and the Hegenshan-Heihe fault and mainly by the North-South provenance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P618.13;P512.2

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