發(fā)布時間：2018-09-08 13:11

【摘要】：高斯束偏移是近年來發(fā)展的一種較好的偏移算法,它不僅具有接近于波動方程偏移的成像精度,而且保留了Kirchhoff積分方法高效靈活的優(yōu)點,能夠有效解決多值走時問題。由于實際地下介質的黏滯性引起地震波傳播過程中的振幅衰減和相位畸變,降低了地震勘探的分辨率,影響了偏移成像的質量。本文以補償地震波在黏彈性介質中的衰減,增強深層反射能量,提高偏移成像質量為目標,以高斯束偏移理論為基礎,研究基于衰減補償的高斯束偏移方法。為了用高斯束法模擬黏彈性介質中波的傳播,本文基于已有的彈性高斯束理論,引入與品質因子Q有關的復速度和精確的黏彈性Zoeppritz方程,合成黏彈性地震記錄。為了對衰減的地震記錄進行補償,本文首先基于共炮域高斯束偏移原理,推導補償吸收衰減的表達式,校正品質因子Q引起的振幅衰減和相位畸變,實現基于吸收衰減補償的高斯束偏移。數值試驗和實際資料表明,該方法有效補償了深層反射能量,提高了偏移成像質量。然后,本文利用格林函數合成正傳和反傳波場,基于互相關成像條件實現共炮域高斯束逆時偏移,并在此基礎上引入與Q有關的吸收(補償)算子,對比高斯束波場格林函數與頻率域波動方程正演格林函數的精度,給出補償原理和流程,實現基于吸收衰減補償的高斯束逆時偏移�；谒p補償的高斯束逆時偏移同時補償正傳和反傳波場,校正波傳播中的旅行時,可以得到與波動方程逆時偏移補償相當的效果。多分量地震勘探能得到PP波和PS波數據,與僅有P波相比,這些波攜帶了目標區(qū)不同的信息,他們能夠提供更多的地球物理參數,有效地提高了地震勘探的精度。因此,為了充分利用多分量信息,本文在黏聲波高斯束偏移和黏聲波高斯束逆時偏移方法的基礎上提出了基于吸收衰減補償的多分量高斯束偏移和基于吸收衰減補償的多分量高斯束逆時偏移。首先把波場分解為PP波和PS波,然后分別基于聲波方程的標量方法做偏移,目的是提供一個新的有效的多分量數據成像技術,同時補償多分量地震記錄的衰減效應。數值試驗結果表明,以上兩種基于衰減補償的多分量高斯束偏移方法均有效地改進了多分量地震記錄的成像精度,提高了偏移成像分辨率,尤其是在強吸收區(qū)域。
[Abstract]:Gao Si beam migration is a better migration algorithm developed in recent years. It not only has the imaging accuracy close to wave equation migration, but also retains the advantages of Kirchhoff integration method, which can effectively solve the multi-value travel time problem. The amplitude attenuation and phase distortion in the process of seismic wave propagation are caused by the viscous property of the actual underground medium, which reduces the resolution of seismic exploration and affects the quality of migration imaging. In order to compensate the attenuation of seismic waves in viscoelastic media, enhance the deep reflection energy and improve the imaging quality of migration, based on Gao Si's beam migration theory, this paper studies a new method of Gao Si beam migration based on attenuation compensation. In order to simulate the propagation of waves in viscoelastic media by using Gao Si beam method, the viscoelastic seismic records are synthesized by introducing complex velocities and accurate viscoelastic Zoeppritz equations related to the quality factor Q based on the existing theory of elastic Gao Si beams. In order to compensate for the attenuation of seismic records, based on the principle of Gao Si beam migration in common gun domain, the expression of compensation for absorption attenuation is derived, and the amplitude attenuation and phase distortion caused by quality factor Q are corrected. Gao Si beam offset based on absorption attenuation compensation is realized. Numerical experiments and practical data show that the method can effectively compensate the deep reflection energy and improve the migration imaging quality. Then, the forward and backward wave fields are synthesized by Green's function, and the inverse time migration of Gao Si beam in common gun domain is realized on the basis of cross-correlation imaging condition. On this basis, the absorption (compensation) operator related to Q is introduced. Comparing the accuracy of Green's function of Gao Si beam wave field with that of forward Green's function of wave equation in frequency domain, the principle and flow of compensation are given, and then the inverse time migration of Gao Si beam based on absorption attenuation compensation is realized. Based on attenuation compensation, Gao Si beam inverse time migration compensates both forward and back wave fields, and the travel time in wave propagation can be corrected, which is equivalent to the compensation of wave equation inverse time migration. PP wave and PS wave data can be obtained by multi-component seismic exploration. Compared with only P wave, these waves carry different information of target area, they can provide more geophysical parameters and effectively improve the accuracy of seismic exploration. Therefore, in order to make full use of multi-component information, In this paper, based on the methods of Gao Si beam migration of viscoacoustic wave and the inverse time migration method of Gao Si beam, we propose a new method, which is based on absorption attenuation compensation, and a new method based on absorption attenuation compensation, which is based on the inverse time migration of Gao Si beam, which is based on absorption attenuation compensation. First, the wave field is decomposed into PP wave and PS wave, and then the scalar method based on acoustic wave equation is used to offset the wave field. The aim is to provide a new and effective multi-component data imaging technique and compensate for the attenuation effect of multi-component seismic records. The numerical results show that the above two methods based on attenuation compensation can effectively improve the imaging accuracy of multi-component seismic records and improve the resolution of migration imaging, especially in the strong absorption region.
【學位授予單位】：中國石油大學(北京)
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P631.4

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