汶川地震斷裂帶科學(xué)鉆探孔壁穩(wěn)定時效特性研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-31 20:10
【摘要】：針對斷裂帶地層鉆探孔壁失穩(wěn)問題,采用理論與實驗研究相結(jié)合的方法,以汶川地震斷裂帶地層為例,對孔壁失穩(wěn)的時效性問題進(jìn)行較系統(tǒng)的研究。首先,詳細(xì)分析了汶川地震斷裂帶地層鉆探項目概況、地層特性以及原地應(yīng)力分布特征和煤系泥頁巖的影響。接著,通過微觀試驗得到了斷裂帶地層巖樣的物質(zhì)組成和微觀結(jié)構(gòu),通過室內(nèi)實驗得到了斷裂帶地層巖樣的水化應(yīng)力及圍巖抗壓強(qiáng)度隨水化時間的變化過程。然后,基于斷裂帶地層巖樣的研究成果,展開了斷裂帶地層孔壁穩(wěn)定時效數(shù)學(xué)模型的建立與分析,對斷裂帶地層鉆探孔壁穩(wěn)定時效特性進(jìn)行了較深入研究。主要成果體現(xiàn)在如下幾方面:(1)通過現(xiàn)場資料收集及差應(yīng)變分析法,獲得了巖樣所在地層的地應(yīng)力,并由此推導(dǎo)出地應(yīng)力隨深度變化的公式:σH=0.098×H-2.92(R2=0.605),該公式對地應(yīng)力的計算具有一定的參考價值;(2)對巖樣進(jìn)行了一系列室內(nèi)實驗,其中,對斷裂帶地層巖樣進(jìn)行了X射線衍射實驗和紅外掃描實驗,分析出了斷裂帶地層巖樣主要礦物成分為伊利石、石英以及綠泥石等,其中的粘土礦物以降解的形式存在,易吸水膨脹造成孔壁失穩(wěn);通過掃描電鏡實驗觀察分析,得到了巖樣微觀結(jié)構(gòu):片狀結(jié)構(gòu)且存在大量微小縫隙及孔喉,是孔壁失穩(wěn)的內(nèi)在結(jié)構(gòu)因素。(3)根據(jù)應(yīng)變實驗繪制出了水化應(yīng)力隨水化時間的變化曲線,得到了在不同溶液中的最大水化應(yīng)力及最長水化應(yīng)力時間;并通過FLAC3D軟件模擬鉆孔水化過程,經(jīng)計算分析發(fā)現(xiàn):在漿液浸泡下,巖石力學(xué)強(qiáng)度的大幅變化基本在15h內(nèi)完成。15h后,曲線平滑,降低趨勢緩慢。(4)根據(jù)強(qiáng)度試驗,獲得了不同水化時間及不同漿液類型條件下的巖樣抗壓、抗剪強(qiáng)度。試驗發(fā)現(xiàn),隨著水化時間的延長,巖石抗壓強(qiáng)度、彈性模量都相繼降低,巖石抗壓強(qiáng)度受浸泡時間影響尤為明顯;不同漿液類型浸泡后巖樣抗壓強(qiáng)度差別較大:清水浸泡后的巖樣抗壓強(qiáng)度大幅降低,2#、3#鉆井液浸泡的巖心的抗壓強(qiáng)度降低幅度最小,抗壓強(qiáng)度仍可達(dá)36MPa;(5)通過膨脹實驗,得到了水化應(yīng)變隨水化時間的變化關(guān)系,直觀地了解到巖樣在不同溶液中的膨脹量及最終破壞形態(tài),在清水中膨脹量最大,在配制的鉆井液中膨脹量得到了不同程度的抑制;(6)在以上一系列試驗的基礎(chǔ)上,為更加清楚形象地觀察分析失穩(wěn)過程中孔壁形態(tài)的變化以及相應(yīng)應(yīng)力的分布、變化規(guī)律,本項目分析了原地應(yīng)力、鉆井液液柱壓力、孔隙壓力以及水化應(yīng)力所引起的應(yīng)力共同作用于孔壁圍巖上,得到了斷裂帶地層深部取心鉆探孔壁圍巖應(yīng)力分布狀態(tài)方程,并選定Mohr-Coulomb準(zhǔn)則作為斷裂帶地層孔壁圍巖失穩(wěn)的判別準(zhǔn)則。(7)利用COMSOL Multiphysics平臺,采用巖土力學(xué)模塊、多孔彈性模塊以及自定義方程模塊,對斷裂帶地層取心鉆探孔壁穩(wěn)定時效數(shù)學(xué)模型進(jìn)行求解。得到了斷裂帶地層孔壁圍巖上軸向應(yīng)力及徑向應(yīng)力分布變化規(guī)律,及不同時刻孔壁圍巖壓力分布。(8)以WFSD-1孔水敏強(qiáng)蠕變破碎地層的鉆進(jìn)施工為例,研制出了具有高密度、低失水、低滲透、強(qiáng)潤滑等特點的改性磺化鉆井液體系,該體糸基本配方為:4%膨潤十0.2%純堿+0.5%高黏羧甲基纖維素鈉(HV-CMC)+2%降失水劑(S-1)+5%成膜劑(X-1)+3%磺化瀝青(SAS)+1%無鉻磺化褐煤(SMC)+重晶石粉。該體系順利解決了斷裂帶孔壁穩(wěn)定的時效問題。
[Abstract]:Aiming at the problem of borehole wall instability in fault zone strata, this paper takes Wenchuan earthquake fault zone strata as an example to systematically study the time-effect of borehole wall instability. Firstly, the general situation of drilling project, stratum characteristics and in-situ stress distribution characteristics in Wenchuan earthquake fault zone strata are analyzed in detail. Secondly, the material composition and microstructure of rock samples in fault zone are obtained by microscopic test, and the variation of hydration stress and compressive strength of surrounding rock with hydration time are obtained by laboratory test. Based on the establishment and analysis of the mathematical model of formation borehole wall stability aging, the characteristics of drilling borehole wall stability aging in fault zone are studied in depth. The main achievements are as follows: (1) Through field data collection and differential strain analysis, the ground stress of the stratum where the rock sample is located is obtained, and the variation of ground stress with depth is deduced. Formula: _H = 0.098 *H-2.92 (R2 = 0.605), the formula has a certain reference value for the calculation of in-situ stress; (2) A series of laboratory experiments were carried out on rock samples, in which X-ray diffraction and infrared scanning experiments were carried out on rock samples in the fault zone, and the main mineral components of rock samples in the fault zone were analyzed as illite, quartz and chlorite. Stone and other clay minerals exist in the form of degradation, which is easy to destabilize the pore wall due to water swelling. Through scanning electron microscopy observation and analysis, the microstructure of the rock sample is obtained: sheet structure with a large number of micro-cracks and pore throats is the internal structural factor of pore wall instability. (3) According to strain experiment, the hydration stress with hydration time is drawn. The maximum hydration stress and the longest hydration stress time in different solutions are obtained. The hydration process of boreholes is simulated by FLAC3D software. The results show that the great change of rock mechanical strength is basically completed within 15 hours after the slurry immersion. After 15 hours, the curve is smooth and the decrease trend is slow. (4) According to the strength test, the result is obtained. The compressive strength and shear strength of rock samples under different hydration time and different grout types are obtained. The results show that the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of rock decrease successively with the extension of hydration time, and the compressive strength of rock is especially affected by soaking time. The compressive strength of the core immersed in 2#, 3# drilling fluid decreases greatly, the compressive strength of the core immersed in 2#, 3# drilling fluid decreases minimally, and the compressive strength can still reach 36 MPa. (5) The relationship between hydration strain and hydration time is obtained by swelling test, and the swelling amount and ultimate failure form of the rock sample in different solutions are intuitively understood. Expansion of drilling fluid is restrained to some extent; (6) Based on the previous series of tests, in order to observe and analyze the change of hole wall morphology and the distribution and variation of corresponding stress in the process of instability more clearly and vividly, the in-situ stress, drilling fluid column pressure, pore pressure and hydration stress are analyzed in this project. The stress caused by the force acts on the surrounding rock of the hole wall together, and the stress distribution equation of the surrounding rock of the deep core drilling hole wall in the fault zone is obtained, and the Mohr-Coulomb criterion is selected as the criterion for judging the instability of the surrounding rock of the hole wall in the fault zone. (7) Using COMSOL Multiphysics platform, geomechanics module, porous elastic module and so on are adopted. A self-defined equation module is used to solve the mathematic model of borehole wall stability and aging in coring drilling in fault zone. The variation law of axial stress and radial stress distribution in the surrounding rock of borehole wall in fault zone is obtained, and the pressure distribution of borehole wall at different time is also obtained. (8) Taking the drilling operation in WFSD-1 water-sensitive creep fractured formation as an example, a drilling tool is developed. A modified sulfonated drilling fluid system with high density, low water loss, low permeability and strong lubrication is developed. The basic formula of the system is: 4% bentonite 10.2% soda + 0.5% high viscosity sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (HV-CMC) + 2% dehydrating agent (S-1) + 5% film forming agent (X-1) + 3% sulfonated asphalt (SAS) + 1% chromium-free sulfonated lignite (SMC) + barite powder. The aging problem of hole wall stability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P634
本文編號：2216039
[Abstract]:Aiming at the problem of borehole wall instability in fault zone strata, this paper takes Wenchuan earthquake fault zone strata as an example to systematically study the time-effect of borehole wall instability. Firstly, the general situation of drilling project, stratum characteristics and in-situ stress distribution characteristics in Wenchuan earthquake fault zone strata are analyzed in detail. Secondly, the material composition and microstructure of rock samples in fault zone are obtained by microscopic test, and the variation of hydration stress and compressive strength of surrounding rock with hydration time are obtained by laboratory test. Based on the establishment and analysis of the mathematical model of formation borehole wall stability aging, the characteristics of drilling borehole wall stability aging in fault zone are studied in depth. The main achievements are as follows: (1) Through field data collection and differential strain analysis, the ground stress of the stratum where the rock sample is located is obtained, and the variation of ground stress with depth is deduced. Formula: _H = 0.098 *H-2.92 (R2 = 0.605), the formula has a certain reference value for the calculation of in-situ stress; (2) A series of laboratory experiments were carried out on rock samples, in which X-ray diffraction and infrared scanning experiments were carried out on rock samples in the fault zone, and the main mineral components of rock samples in the fault zone were analyzed as illite, quartz and chlorite. Stone and other clay minerals exist in the form of degradation, which is easy to destabilize the pore wall due to water swelling. Through scanning electron microscopy observation and analysis, the microstructure of the rock sample is obtained: sheet structure with a large number of micro-cracks and pore throats is the internal structural factor of pore wall instability. (3) According to strain experiment, the hydration stress with hydration time is drawn. The maximum hydration stress and the longest hydration stress time in different solutions are obtained. The hydration process of boreholes is simulated by FLAC3D software. The results show that the great change of rock mechanical strength is basically completed within 15 hours after the slurry immersion. After 15 hours, the curve is smooth and the decrease trend is slow. (4) According to the strength test, the result is obtained. The compressive strength and shear strength of rock samples under different hydration time and different grout types are obtained. The results show that the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of rock decrease successively with the extension of hydration time, and the compressive strength of rock is especially affected by soaking time. The compressive strength of the core immersed in 2#, 3# drilling fluid decreases greatly, the compressive strength of the core immersed in 2#, 3# drilling fluid decreases minimally, and the compressive strength can still reach 36 MPa. (5) The relationship between hydration strain and hydration time is obtained by swelling test, and the swelling amount and ultimate failure form of the rock sample in different solutions are intuitively understood. Expansion of drilling fluid is restrained to some extent; (6) Based on the previous series of tests, in order to observe and analyze the change of hole wall morphology and the distribution and variation of corresponding stress in the process of instability more clearly and vividly, the in-situ stress, drilling fluid column pressure, pore pressure and hydration stress are analyzed in this project. The stress caused by the force acts on the surrounding rock of the hole wall together, and the stress distribution equation of the surrounding rock of the deep core drilling hole wall in the fault zone is obtained, and the Mohr-Coulomb criterion is selected as the criterion for judging the instability of the surrounding rock of the hole wall in the fault zone. (7) Using COMSOL Multiphysics platform, geomechanics module, porous elastic module and so on are adopted. A self-defined equation module is used to solve the mathematic model of borehole wall stability and aging in coring drilling in fault zone. The variation law of axial stress and radial stress distribution in the surrounding rock of borehole wall in fault zone is obtained, and the pressure distribution of borehole wall at different time is also obtained. (8) Taking the drilling operation in WFSD-1 water-sensitive creep fractured formation as an example, a drilling tool is developed. A modified sulfonated drilling fluid system with high density, low water loss, low permeability and strong lubrication is developed. The basic formula of the system is: 4% bentonite 10.2% soda + 0.5% high viscosity sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (HV-CMC) + 2% dehydrating agent (S-1) + 5% film forming agent (X-1) + 3% sulfonated asphalt (SAS) + 1% chromium-free sulfonated lignite (SMC) + barite powder. The aging problem of hole wall stability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P634
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