【摘要】：近年來經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅猛發(fā)展促進(jìn)了我國基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)的飛速發(fā)展,但是工程建設(shè)中對巖土體的開挖、堆填將原有植被覆蓋層破壞,直接導(dǎo)致巖質(zhì)邊坡產(chǎn)生大量次生裸地,破壞了工程所在地的生態(tài)環(huán)境,甚至造成山體滑坡及泥石流等嚴(yán)重次生災(zāi)害,危害公共安全。巖質(zhì)邊坡的植被恢復(fù)及生態(tài)防護(hù)技術(shù)逐步成為熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注問題。現(xiàn)有的生態(tài)防護(hù)技術(shù)大多重點(diǎn)關(guān)注邊坡的深層穩(wěn)定性,邊坡表面護(hù)坡植被大多憑借現(xiàn)場施工經(jīng)驗(yàn)結(jié)合現(xiàn)場狀況進(jìn)行鋪設(shè),植被生長的植生基質(zhì)層的穩(wěn)定性缺乏系統(tǒng)的理論基礎(chǔ)指導(dǎo)。本文針對錨桿-土工網(wǎng)墊噴播植生護(hù)坡技術(shù)這一新型復(fù)合型生態(tài)護(hù)坡技術(shù),從工程角度出發(fā),以生態(tài)護(hù)坡技術(shù)中的植生層土體為研究對象,采用現(xiàn)場試驗(yàn),室內(nèi)試驗(yàn)和數(shù)值模擬相結(jié)合的方法,對錨桿-土工網(wǎng)墊噴播植生護(hù)坡技術(shù)中植生層土體的穩(wěn)定性開展研究,對該技術(shù)的應(yīng)用及推廣有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義和工程價值。本文通過現(xiàn)場試驗(yàn)測定植生層土體的含水量及抗剪強(qiáng)度參數(shù),作為數(shù)值模擬中的植生層土體結(jié)構(gòu)單元的取值依據(jù),分析植生層土體中含水量的變化規(guī)律和植生層土體沿坡向的位移及變形規(guī)律。論文的主要內(nèi)容與結(jié)論如下:(1)選取巖質(zhì)邊坡坡度、三維土工網(wǎng)墊型號、植生密度三項(xiàng)因素開展現(xiàn)場試驗(yàn),在護(hù)坡植被生長最旺盛時期測定帶有植物根系的植生層土體的日常生長狀態(tài)含水量及對應(yīng)的抗剪強(qiáng)度指標(biāo);分析雨水在植生層土體中的入滲過程,并開展降雨模擬試驗(yàn),測定植生層土體在飽和狀態(tài)下的含水量及抗剪強(qiáng)度指標(biāo),測定降雨后相同時間間隔邊坡表面不同位置和植生層土體不同深度的含水量,研究影響植生層土體含水量變化的各種因素。(2)選取巖質(zhì)邊坡坡度、三維土工網(wǎng)墊型號、植生密度、植生層厚度四項(xiàng)因素,應(yīng)用FLAC3D有限差分軟件建立模型。利用室內(nèi)試驗(yàn)測得的不同含水量狀態(tài)下植生層土體的抗剪強(qiáng)度參數(shù)作為數(shù)值模擬時植生層土體單元的取值依據(jù),在大變形模式下分析植生層土體沿坡向位移及植生層土體變形規(guī)律。(3)護(hù)坡植被可延緩降雨時坡面徑流的產(chǎn)生,保護(hù)坡面土體,固持水土;降雨后利于植生層土體表面水分的保持。土體中的土工網(wǎng)墊改變了植生層土體的滲透性能,對植生層土體的含水量變化起到抑制作用,有利于巖質(zhì)邊坡表面植生層的深層儲水和自身穩(wěn)定。(4)植生層土體沿坡向位移與植生密度負(fù)相關(guān),與植生層厚度、植生層土體含水量、邊坡坡度大小正相關(guān)。結(jié)合現(xiàn)場試驗(yàn)及數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果,邊坡坡度為45°時,植生層厚度可鋪設(shè)15cm;邊坡坡度為60°時植生層厚度最大可鋪設(shè)10cm;邊坡坡度為70°時植生層厚度只能為5cm。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the rapid development of economy has promoted the rapid development of infrastructure construction in China, but the excavation of rock and soil mass in engineering construction, landfill will destroy the original vegetation cover, directly lead to a large number of secondary bare rock slope, destroy the ecological environment of the project site, and even cause landslides and debris flows and other serious secondary. Vegetation restoration and ecological protection techniques for rock slopes have gradually become a hot issue. Most of the existing ecological protection techniques focus on the deep stability of slopes. Most of the vegetation for slope protection relies on site construction experience and site conditions to lay, and the stability of vegetation growth in the vegetation substrate layer. In this paper, the anchor-geonet mat spraying seeding technology is a new composite ecological slope protection technology. From the engineering point of view, the planting layer soil in the ecological slope protection technology is taken as the research object, and the field test, indoor test and numerical simulation are combined to study the anchor-geonet mat. The study on the stability of soil in planting layer of spraying seeding technique for slope protection is of great practical significance and engineering value for its application and popularization. In this paper, the water content and shear strength parameters of soil in planting layer are measured by field test, which can be used as the basis for selecting the soil structure unit in numerical simulation, and the planting layer is analyzed. The main contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) Three factors, i.e. rock slope gradient, three-dimensional geonet cushion type and plant density, are selected to carry out field tests to determine the vegetation layer soil with plant roots during the peak growth period of slope protection vegetation. Water content in daily growing state and corresponding shear strength index; analyze infiltration process of rainwater in vegetation layer soil, carry out rainfall simulation test, measure water content and shear strength index of vegetation layer soil in saturated state, measure different position of slope surface and different depth of vegetation layer soil at the same time interval after rainfall (2) Four factors, including rock slope, three-dimensional geonet cushion type, planting density and planting layer thickness, were selected to establish the model by FLAC3D finite difference software. The shear strength parameters of planting layer soil under different water content were measured by laboratory tests. In the numerical simulation, the displacement along the slope and the deformation law of the soil in the vegetation layer are analyzed under the large deformation mode. (3) The slope protection vegetation can delay the generation of runoff on the slope, protect the soil on the slope and fix the soil and water; it is beneficial to the maintenance of the surface water of the soil in the vegetation layer after rainfall. The net cushion can change the permeability of the soil, restrain the change of the water content of the soil, and is beneficial to the deep water storage and self-stability of the vegetation layer on the surface of the rock slope. (4) The displacement of the soil along the slope is negatively correlated with the planting density, and is positively correlated with the thickness of the vegetation layer, the water content of the soil in the vegetation layer, and the slope gradient. According to the results of field test and numerical simulation, the thickness of vegetation layer can be laid 15 cm when slope gradient is 45 degrees, 10 cm when slope gradient is 60 degrees, and 5 cm when slope gradient is 70 degrees.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青島理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU457

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