發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-28 09:37

【摘要】：作為中國(guó)東部A型花崗巖帶的一部分,青島嶗山花崗巖巖體上不僅發(fā)育眾多開(kāi)口向上的天然石臼,還存在大量開(kāi)口側(cè)向的氣泡洞。對(duì)于嶗山天然石臼的成因,已經(jīng)有人提出“冰臼說(shuō)”、“風(fēng)化坑說(shuō)”。劉錫清等人發(fā)現(xiàn)了嶗山花崗巖原生洞穴,即大型氣泡洞和晶洞,并且提出“天然石臼與氣泡洞同源說(shuō)”。但是,有人認(rèn)為這些洞穴是“喀斯特洞穴”,也有人懷疑是“海蝕洞”。本文經(jīng)過(guò)多次對(duì)嶗山地區(qū)大型氣泡洞的實(shí)地考察,分別對(duì)嶗山大型氣泡洞洞壁、洞外及天然石臼內(nèi)巖石進(jìn)行取樣研究,以進(jìn)一步論證大型氣泡洞的成因。本文從宏觀(野外肉眼觀察)和微觀(立體鏡和掃描電鏡觀察(SEM))兩個(gè)方面研究大型氣泡洞洞壁微形態(tài)特征,并且和不同動(dòng)力成因(水動(dòng)力、風(fēng)動(dòng)力和人工打磨)的巖石的表面微形態(tài)特征進(jìn)行對(duì)比。結(jié)果顯示大型氣泡洞洞壁與其他幾類(lèi)巖石表面特征存在明顯的區(qū)別:其一,氣泡洞洞壁巖石表面較為光滑平坦,無(wú)明顯的擦痕存在,石英和長(zhǎng)石礦物顆粒高度基本一致,無(wú)高低起伏現(xiàn)象;其二,氣泡洞洞壁巖石表面僅存在少量的裂隙,大部分礦物晶形較為完整,并且石英和長(zhǎng)石礦物緊密相連,接觸部位無(wú)裂隙存在,礦物邊界明顯,可明顯分辨出石英和長(zhǎng)石礦物的形態(tài);其三,嶗山大型氣泡洞洞壁巖石表面蝕變程度較低,僅在石英和長(zhǎng)石礦物邊界處存在少量鱗片狀集合體的絹云母。本文利用X粉晶衍射法(XRD)對(duì)大型氣泡洞洞壁、洞外及靈旗峰頂石臼內(nèi)巖石進(jìn)行巖石礦物分析,通過(guò)分析各巖石樣品的伊利石含量和英長(zhǎng)比的不同來(lái)對(duì)比各樣品的風(fēng)化程度。結(jié)果顯示:氣泡洞洞壁巖石礦物成分中伊利石的含量遠(yuǎn)小于遭受水動(dòng)力作用形成的石臼內(nèi)巖石且其英長(zhǎng)比均值數(shù)值最低,并且每個(gè)氣泡洞洞壁巖石的英長(zhǎng)比均小于洞外巖石及石臼內(nèi)巖石,說(shuō)明氣泡洞洞壁巖石的風(fēng)化程度較低,接近于新鮮巖石,并且?guī)r石在形成過(guò)程中并未遭受外動(dòng)力的侵蝕,僅在后期暴露時(shí)遭受了外力作用。同時(shí)本文還利用X射線熒光光譜法(XRF)對(duì)嶗山大型氣泡洞洞壁、洞外和靈旗峰頂石臼內(nèi)巖石進(jìn)行主量元素的分析,然后根據(jù)測(cè)量結(jié)果分別算出各樣品的化學(xué)蝕變指數(shù)(CIA)、花崗巖風(fēng)化指數(shù)(WIG)、科爾曼風(fēng)化指數(shù)(WIC)、帕克風(fēng)化指數(shù)(WIP)四種風(fēng)化指數(shù)的數(shù)值,通過(guò)各風(fēng)化指數(shù)數(shù)值與風(fēng)化程度之間的關(guān)系對(duì)比不同類(lèi)型巖石之間的風(fēng)化程度以及可能遭受的外力作用,結(jié)果顯示:氣泡洞洞壁巖石風(fēng)化程度最低,處于低等風(fēng)化階段,且洞壁無(wú)水動(dòng)力作用的痕跡;氣泡洞洞外巖石風(fēng)化程度高于洞壁巖石,石臼內(nèi)巖石風(fēng)化程度最高,巖石遭受?chē)?yán)重的水動(dòng)力作用。綜上所述,通過(guò)對(duì)嶗山地區(qū)不同動(dòng)力成因巖石的表面特征及巖石礦物化學(xué)特征的對(duì)比,表明嶗山大型氣泡洞洞壁巖石風(fēng)化程度較低,接近于新鮮巖石,洞壁巖石遭受風(fēng)化作用侵蝕的程度遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)小于洞外及石臼內(nèi)巖石,其風(fēng)化程度屬低等風(fēng)化,并不是風(fēng)化作用形成的洞穴,而僅僅在其暴露在空氣中時(shí)遭受了微弱的風(fēng)化作用;由此可見(jiàn),嶗山大型氣泡洞在形成過(guò)程中并無(wú)外動(dòng)力作用的參與,并不是“巖溶洞”和“海蝕洞”,也非風(fēng)蝕洞。由此證明嶗山大型氣泡洞屬于天然的原生洞穴。研究成果為氣泡洞是花崗巖原生洞穴提供了證據(jù)。
[Abstract]:As a part of the A-type granite belt in eastern China, there are not only many natural mortars with upward opening but also a large number of lateral cavity in the Laoshan granite body in Qingdao. However, some people think that these caves are "karst caves" and others suspect that they are "sea erosion caves". In this paper, the micro-morphological characteristics of the wall of the large bubble cavity are studied from macroscopic (field observation) and microscopic (stereoscopic and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) aspects, and the surface micro-morphological characteristics of rocks with different dynamic origins (hydrodynamic, wind and artificial polishing) are also studied. The results show that there are obvious differences between the surface characteristics of the large bubble cave wall and other rock types. First, the surface of the bubble cave wall is smooth and flat, and there is no obvious scratch. The heights of quartz and feldspar mineral particles are basically the same, and there is no high and low undulation. Second, there is only a small amount of rock surface on the bubble cave wall. Most of the fissures are relatively complete, and quartz and feldspar minerals are closely linked, no fissures exist in the contact area, and the mineral boundaries are obvious, which can clearly distinguish the morphology of quartz and feldspar minerals. In this paper, the rock minerals in the wall of large bubble cave, outside the cave and in the stone mortar of Lingqi peak are analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The weathering degree of each rock sample is compared by analyzing the illite content and aspect ratio of each rock sample. The content of rock is much less than that of the rock in the hydrodynamic calculus and the average value of the ratio is the lowest, and the ratio of the length to the length of the rock in each cavity wall is smaller than that of the rock outside the cavity and the rock in the calculus. This indicates that the weathering degree of the rock in the cavity wall is lower, close to that of fresh rock, and the rock is not subjected to during the formation process. At the same time, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) was used to analyze the main elements of the rock in the wall of the large bubble cave in Laoshan, outside the cave and in the stone mortar at the top of Lingqi Peak, and then the chemical alteration index (CIA) and weathering index (WEI) of granite were calculated according to the measured results. Four weathering indices, WIG, WIC and WIP, were used to compare the weathering degree between different types of rocks and the possible external forces. The results show that the weathering degree of the rocks on the wall of bubble tunnel is the lowest and is in the lower weathering stage. There is no trace of hydrodynamic action on the wall of the cave; the weathering degree of the rock outside the cave is higher than that of the cave wall; the weathering degree of the rock inside the mortar is the highest, and the rock is subjected to severe hydrodynamic action. The weathering degree of cave wall rocks is lower, close to fresh rocks. The degree of weathering erosion of cave wall rocks is much less than that of rocks outside cave and inside mortar. The weathering degree of cave wall rocks is lower than that of rocks outside cave and inside mortar. It is not a cave formed by weathering, but a weak weathering only when exposed to air. There is no external dynamic action in the forming process of the bubble cave, it is not "karst cave" or "sea cave" or "wind cave".
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P512.1

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