【摘要】：本文研究區(qū)為南美亞諾斯(Llanos)盆地,該盆地是南美乃至世界范圍內(nèi)重要的油氣富集盆地。其構(gòu)造位置處于南美板塊北部,其西以東科迪勒拉山造山帶為界,東部以圭亞那地盾為界,南部邊界為沃佩斯隆起,北部以北西南東走向的Arauca隆起為與巴里那斯突起的分界線而分隔。亞諾斯盆地在哥倫比亞境內(nèi)面積為23.5×104km2。通過對前人研究成果的總結(jié),本文勾勒出亞諾斯盆地構(gòu)造演化過程,并將之分為古生代被動大陸邊緣、中生代弧后裂谷、新生代前陸盆地3個演化期。同時,在亞諾斯盆地構(gòu)造演化史研究基礎(chǔ)上,以P.R.Vial層序地層學(xué)為指導(dǎo),利用鉆井、測井和地震資料綜合分析,建立亞諾斯盆地層序地層格架。在中生界-新生界內(nèi)部識別出5個二級層序。本文對盆地內(nèi)部油氣成藏條件,包括烴源條件、儲集條件、封蓋條件及圈閉條件進行了綜合分析。盆地內(nèi)發(fā)育多套烴源巖,主要為古生界泥巖、上白堊統(tǒng)加切塔組深海-淺海相頁巖、古近系含煤泥頁層。通過對烴源巖分布特征、有機質(zhì)豐度、有機質(zhì)成熟度和演化程度進行綜合分析,詳細刻畫出不同烴源層的生烴情況。在多套烴源巖層中以加切塔組烴源巖對盆地內(nèi)油氣成藏貢獻最大。盆地?zé)N源灶位置位于盆地西緣及現(xiàn)今東科迪勒拉區(qū)域。盆地內(nèi)多套儲層發(fā)育,主要為白堊系烏內(nèi)組和瓜達盧佩組、始新統(tǒng)米拉多爾組和漸新統(tǒng)卡沃內(nèi)拉組(C7、C5、C3段)。通過對盆地內(nèi)儲層物性及發(fā)育情況進行綜合分析,明確了盆地內(nèi)儲層平面展布特征以及發(fā)育的有利位置。盆地內(nèi)多套蓋層發(fā)育,其中主要的區(qū)域蓋層為萊昂組。通過盆地內(nèi)典型井的測井曲線對萊昂組地層封閉能力進行了綜合評價,明確盆地內(nèi)部蓋層封蓋條件較好。盆地內(nèi)圈閉類型多樣,常見構(gòu)造圈閉、構(gòu)造-地層圈閉、地層圈閉及水動力圈閉。此外,不同構(gòu)造區(qū)帶內(nèi)主要圈閉類型往往不同。以石油地質(zhì)學(xué)為指導(dǎo),本文對盆地內(nèi)主要四個富油氣區(qū)帶,即阿瑞-阿培地塊、斜坡正斷帶、山前逆掩帶以及阿普雷隆起內(nèi)典型油田進行成藏特征評價。評價結(jié)果顯示:盆地西部地區(qū),受構(gòu)造作用影響強烈,主要發(fā)育大型構(gòu)造圈閉;盆地東部地區(qū)受構(gòu)造作用影響較弱,主要發(fā)育小型地層圈閉,也見水動力圈閉。各油田的烴源灶往往并不位于油田內(nèi)部,烴類流體多來自盆地西緣及東科迪勒拉山地區(qū)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合盆地內(nèi)構(gòu)造演化、沉積作用影響,揭示了亞諾斯盆地內(nèi)油氣成藏特征,建立了全盆范圍內(nèi)油氣成藏模式。盆地內(nèi)油氣成藏具有遠距運移,混源充注,斷砂立體,持續(xù)輸導(dǎo),階梯式捕集成藏的特點;主力產(chǎn)層表現(xiàn)為近灶優(yōu)先捕集形成中深層大中型構(gòu)造油氣田,遠灶接替捕集形成淺層小型復(fù)合型油氣田的油氣分布規(guī)律。在盆地油氣成藏模式的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)盆地內(nèi)部根據(jù)受構(gòu)造作用影響的強烈程度,劃分油氣聚集區(qū)帶。進而根據(jù)砂體發(fā)育程度,確定油氣富集有利區(qū)。最終,在此基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)油氣運移距離、沉積特征、儲層物性、圈閉類型以及周邊油田發(fā)育情況等五項特征確定了盆地內(nèi)6個油氣勘探目標優(yōu)選區(qū)。此成果對指導(dǎo)盆地內(nèi)油氣勘探具有重要的指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:The Llanos basin is an important oil and gas enrichment basin in South America and even in the world. It is located in the north of the South American plate, bounded by the Cordillera orogenic belt to the west, bounded by the Guiana shield to the east, bounded by the Vopez uplift to the south, and by the Aruca uplift to the north, Southwest and east to the north. The area of the Yanos Basin in Colombia is 23.5 6550 Based on the study of the structural evolution history of the Yanos Basin and under the guidance of P.R.Vial sequence stratigraphy, the sequence stratigraphic framework of the Yanos Basin is established by comprehensive analysis of drilling, logging and seismic data. Five secondary sequences are identified within the Mesozoic-Cenozoic. The sealing conditions and trap conditions are comprehensively analyzed.There are many sets of source rocks in the basin,mainly Paleozoic mudstone,upper Cretaceous Jiaqita deep-sea-shallow-sea facies shale and Paleogene coal-bearing shale.Through comprehensive analysis of distribution characteristics of source rocks,organic matter abundance,maturity and evolution degree of organic matter,the differences are described in detail. The source rocks of Gacheta Formation make the greatest contribution to hydrocarbon accumulation in the basin. The basin is located in the western margin of the basin and the present East Cordillera region. There are many sets of reservoirs in the basin, mainly Cretaceous Wunei Formation and Guadalupe Formation, Eocene Mirador Formation and Oligocene Carvone Formation. La Formation (C7, C5, C3). Through comprehensive analysis of reservoir physical properties and development in the basin, the characteristics of reservoir plane distribution and favorable position of development are defined. There are many sets of caprock in the basin, the main regional caprock is Lyon Formation. The sealing ability of Lyon Formation is carried out by logging curves of typical wells in the basin. In addition, the main types of traps in different structural zones are often different. Guided by petroleum geology, this paper presents four major oil-gas-rich zones in the basin, namely Arei. The evaluation results show that the western part of the basin is strongly influenced by tectonism and mainly develops large-scale structural traps; the eastern part of the basin is weakly affected by tectonism, mainly develops small-scale stratigraphic traps and hydrodynamic traps. The hydrocarbon source stoves of each oilfield are often not located in the interior of the oilfield, and most of the hydrocarbon fluids come from the western margin of the basin and the eastern Cordillera Mountains. On this basis, combined with the tectonic evolution and the influence of sedimentation in the basin, the characteristics of hydrocarbon accumulation in the Yanos basin are revealed, and the oil and gas accumulation model in the whole basin is established. Distance migration, mixed source filling, three-dimensional sand faulting, continuous transporting and stepped trapping are the characteristics of the reservoirs; the main reservoirs are characterized by preferential near-stove trapping to form medium-deep large and medium-sized structural oil and gas fields, and the distant stove successively trapping to form shallow and small complex oil and gas fields. Finally, based on the five characteristics of oil and gas migration distance, sedimentary characteristics, reservoir physical properties, trap types and peripheral oilfield development, six oil and gas exploration targets in the basin are optimized. This result has important guiding significance for guiding oil and gas exploration in the basin.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P618.13

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本文編號：2193835