【摘要】：我國西北黃土高原地區(qū)黃土滑坡具有較高的發(fā)生頻率,滑坡地質(zhì)災(zāi)害由于其對人類可造成巨大的損失而成為關(guān)注性較高的事件。水文地質(zhì)條件、水文地質(zhì)參數(shù)、降雨及地下水的入滲補給特征對于淺層黃土邊坡穩(wěn)定性有著較大的影響作用。因此,準(zhǔn)確掌淺層黃土的特性對于預(yù)防及治理淺層黃土滑坡具有較高的指導(dǎo)意義和實際應(yīng)用價值。研究區(qū)位于陜西寶雞市渭河南岸、秦嶺山前的黃土丘陵區(qū)。本次研究中進行了黃土邊坡穩(wěn)定性控制因素的調(diào)查,重點研究了水文地質(zhì)參數(shù)及降雨入滲對邊坡穩(wěn)定性的影響。建立了地下水流模型獲取了整個研究區(qū)分布式水文地質(zhì)參數(shù),結(jié)合其它水力學(xué)參數(shù)和介質(zhì)的工程性質(zhì)參數(shù),建立了黃土邊坡穩(wěn)定性預(yù)警模型,并預(yù)測了不同降雨條件邊坡的穩(wěn)定性。論文主要取得了以下成果:(1)研究區(qū)較陡的現(xiàn)代地形為滑坡提供了臨空條件,黃土為滑坡提供了介質(zhì)條件,黃土下覆的坡度很陡的三門組含砂、泥巖充當(dāng)滑動層,強度較大、持續(xù)時間長或頻率較大的降雨導(dǎo)致地下水位快速上升是滑坡的誘發(fā)因素。區(qū)內(nèi)滑坡為受古地形控制、降雨誘發(fā)的邊坡淺層黃土滑坡。(2)研究區(qū)含水層垂向滲透系數(shù)為0.15 m/d左右,而水平滲透系數(shù)為0.014 m/d左右,滲透系數(shù)存在著明顯的各向異性。建立了研究區(qū)地下水流數(shù)值模型,獲得了區(qū)內(nèi)分布式水文地質(zhì)參數(shù)。(3)考慮到研究區(qū)降雨為誘發(fā)滑坡的主要因素,因此滑坡預(yù)警模型選用了由Baum等人提出的以區(qū)域性降雨入滲和DEM為基礎(chǔ)的邊坡的穩(wěn)定性評價模型,即TRIGRS。為了使預(yù)警模型準(zhǔn)確可靠,本次模型以2014年9月由降雨誘發(fā)的滑坡為基礎(chǔ),對預(yù)警模型進行了驗證校準(zhǔn)。(4)滑坡預(yù)警模型預(yù)測結(jié)果顯示,當(dāng)一次降雨量為50mm時不發(fā)生滑坡,當(dāng)一次降雨量為100mm時發(fā)生滑坡,且隨著降雨強度增加,安全系數(shù)趨于變小,滑坡的發(fā)生部位為滑坡體上的兩處陡坎處及滑坡體后緣,這與觀測的滑坡歷史上發(fā)生的部位基本一致。
[Abstract]:Loess landslides in the Loess Plateau of Northwest China have a high frequency of occurrence, and the landslide geological hazard has become a high concern event because it can cause huge losses to human beings. Hydrogeological conditions, hydrogeological parameters, rainfall and groundwater infiltration and recharge characteristics have great influence on the stability of shallow loess slope. Therefore, it is of high guiding significance and practical application value to prevent and treat shallow loess landslide by accurately controlling the characteristics of shallow loess. The research area is located on the south bank of Weihe River in Baoji City, Shaanxi Province, in the loess hilly area in front of Qinling Mountains. In this study, the factors controlling the stability of loess slope were investigated, and the influence of hydrogeological parameters and rainfall infiltration on slope stability was studied. The groundwater flow model is established to obtain the distributed hydrogeological parameters in the whole study area. Combined with the other hydraulic parameters and the engineering property parameters of the medium, the early warning model of loess slope stability is established. The stability of slope under different rainfall conditions is predicted. The main achievements of this paper are as follows: (1) the steep modern topography in the study area provides the conditions for the landslide, the loess provides the medium condition for the landslide, the slope of the loess is steep, the Sanmen formation contains sand, the mudstone acts as the sliding layer, and the strength is high. The rapid rise of groundwater level caused by long duration or high frequency rainfall is the inducing factor of landslide. The landslide in the study area is controlled by paleotopography and rainfall induced shallow loess landslide. (2) the vertical permeability coefficient of the aquifer is about 0.15 m / d, while the horizontal permeability coefficient is about 0.014 m / d, and the permeability coefficient has obvious anisotropy. The numerical model of groundwater flow in the study area is established, and the distributed hydrogeological parameters are obtained. (3) considering that rainfall is the main factor that induces landslides in the study area, Therefore, the landslide early warning model is based on regional rainfall infiltration and DEM, which is proposed by Baum et al. In order to make the early warning model accurate and reliable, the early warning model is validated and calibrated on the basis of the landslide induced by rainfall in September 2014. (4) the prediction results of the early warning model show that no landslide occurs when the rainfall is 50mm. When the rainfall is 100mm, the landslide occurs, and with the increase of rainfall intensity, the safety factor tends to decrease. The landslide occurs at the two steep ridges on the landslide and the rear edge of the landslide. This is basically consistent with the site observed in the history of the landslide.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P642.22

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