【摘要】：目前，針對采煤沉陷區(qū)內(nèi)存在的地質(zhì)災(zāi)害和環(huán)境災(zāi)害所進行的地質(zhì)災(zāi)害治理、水土保持、土地復(fù)墾、以及生態(tài)環(huán)境恢復(fù)等工程分別屬于國土資源、水利、農(nóng)業(yè)、環(huán)境保護等部門歸口管理，產(chǎn)生了大量的重復(fù)治理和經(jīng)費浪費現(xiàn)象；另一方面，采煤沉陷區(qū)內(nèi)各種地質(zhì)災(zāi)害事件和環(huán)境災(zāi)害事件并不是孤立存在的，他們之間往往存在著時間上先后發(fā)生、成因上相互聯(lián)系、互相牽制的關(guān)系，這些災(zāi)害事件之間能夠構(gòu)成一個復(fù)雜的災(zāi)害鏈系統(tǒng)。鑒于上述兩個原因，將采煤沉陷區(qū)內(nèi)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害和環(huán)境災(zāi)害放在災(zāi)害鏈中進行綜合治理，既能避免重復(fù)治理造成的經(jīng)費浪費，又能對采煤沉陷區(qū)內(nèi)各種災(zāi)害實現(xiàn)有效治理。 本文以山西榆次北山煤礦采煤沉陷區(qū)為例，在對其進行地質(zhì)災(zāi)害、環(huán)境災(zāi)害等各種災(zāi)害現(xiàn)狀分析的基礎(chǔ)上，構(gòu)建采煤沉陷區(qū)災(zāi)害鏈系統(tǒng)，然后對災(zāi)害鏈進行致災(zāi)過程分析，并提出采煤沉陷區(qū)災(zāi)害鏈的斷鏈減災(zāi)模式，以采煤沉陷區(qū)災(zāi)害鏈的斷鏈減災(zāi)模式為前提，，提出采煤沉陷區(qū)的綜合治理方案。 通過上述分析，主要成果如下：（1）研究區(qū)內(nèi)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害表現(xiàn)在采空區(qū)災(zāi)害、煤矸石災(zāi)害和因工程開挖形成的不穩(wěn)定邊坡災(zāi)害，環(huán)境災(zāi)害表現(xiàn)為植被面積減小、地貌景觀破壞、大氣污染、土壤腐蝕和地下水污染等。（2）采煤沉陷區(qū)災(zāi)害鏈按照災(zāi)害類型可分為采空區(qū)災(zāi)害鏈、煤矸石災(zāi)害鏈和不穩(wěn)定邊坡災(zāi)害鏈，對其進行成災(zāi)過程分析并提出在各災(zāi)害鏈的致災(zāi)環(huán)節(jié)進行人為斷鏈的斷鏈減災(zāi)模式，即在致災(zāi)環(huán)節(jié)，采用注漿和封填的方案對采空區(qū)災(zāi)害鏈進行斷鏈；采用拱形骨架護坡的方案對煤矸石災(zāi)害鏈進行斷鏈；采用工程錨固或者生態(tài)護坡的方案對不穩(wěn)定邊坡災(zāi)害鏈進行斷鏈。（3）在斷鏈減災(zāi)方案的基礎(chǔ)上，詳細論述了采煤沉陷區(qū)的綜合治理方案，該治理方案能夠消除采煤沉陷區(qū)內(nèi)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害和環(huán)境災(zāi)害。上述研究過程，能夠為其他復(fù)雜的采煤沉陷區(qū)的治理提供思路。
[Abstract]:At present, such projects as geological disaster control, soil and water conservation, land reclamation, and ecological environment restoration for geological and environmental disasters existing in coal mining subsidence areas belong to land resources, water conservancy and agriculture, respectively. Environmental protection and other departments' centralized management have resulted in a large number of repeated management and waste of funds; on the other hand, all kinds of geological and environmental disasters in coal mining subsidence areas do not exist in isolation. They often have a relationship of time and time, cause of formation and mutual restraint, which can form a complex disaster chain system. In view of the above two reasons, putting geological disaster and environmental disaster in the disaster chain of coal mining subsidence area can avoid the waste of funds caused by repeated treatment and realize effective treatment of all kinds of disasters in coal mining subsidence area. Taking the coal mining subsidence area of Beishan Coal Mine in Yuci, Shanxi Province as an example, on the basis of analyzing the present situation of various disasters, such as geological disaster and environmental disaster, the disaster chain system in mining subsidence area is constructed, and then the disaster chain is analyzed. Based on the disaster chain disaster reduction model of coal mining subsidence area, the comprehensive control scheme of coal mining subsidence area is put forward, which is based on the disaster chain disaster reduction model in coal mining subsidence area. Through the above analysis, the main results are as follows: (1) the geological hazards in the study area are the goaf disaster, the coal gangue disaster and the unstable slope disaster caused by the engineering excavation. The environmental disasters are the decrease of vegetation area and the destruction of the geomorphological landscape. Air pollution, soil corrosion and groundwater pollution. (2) the disaster chain of coal mining subsidence area can be divided into three categories according to the disaster type: the disaster chain of goaf, the disaster chain of coal gangue and the disaster chain of unstable slope. This paper analyzes the process of disaster formation and puts forward the model of artificial chain breaking and disaster reduction in the disaster-causing link of each disaster chain, that is, the disaster chain of goaf is broken by grouting and sealing. The project of arch skeleton slope protection is used to break the chain of coal gangue disaster chain, and the project of engineering anchoring or ecological slope protection is adopted to break the chain of unstable slope disaster chain. (3) based on the scheme of disaster reduction of coal gangue, The comprehensive control scheme of coal mining subsidence area is discussed in detail, which can eliminate geological and environmental disasters in coal mining subsidence area. The above research process can provide ideas for the treatment of other complicated coal mining subsidence areas.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P642.26

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