【摘要】：受測井技術(shù)的啟發(fā),為增強(qiáng)對井下鉆孔空間的利用,結(jié)合礦井瞬變電磁技術(shù)對煤礦富水區(qū)探測的優(yōu)越性,作者開展了礦井孔中瞬變電磁測量方法及其應(yīng)用的系統(tǒng)研究,具體地:設(shè)計(jì)了適用于孔內(nèi)狹小空間的探測裝置,推導(dǎo)了適用于該裝置的孔中瞬變電磁場響應(yīng)理論公式,開展了針對低阻異常體的室內(nèi)與室外兩類物理模擬實(shí)驗(yàn),并深入礦井利用井下鉆孔實(shí)測實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證,由此形成了礦井孔中瞬變電磁測量方法。取得的創(chuàng)新性認(rèn)知與成果如下:(1)設(shè)計(jì)了孔內(nèi)全方位瞬變電磁探測的探頭形式,并推導(dǎo)了適用于該裝置的孔中全空間瞬變電磁響應(yīng)公式,并基于物理模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)、工地實(shí)測試驗(yàn)和礦井實(shí)測實(shí)驗(yàn)的開展提出了礦井孔中瞬變電磁法的數(shù)據(jù)處理分析方法。具體地,孔內(nèi)全方位瞬變電磁探測的探頭形式為對偶雙發(fā)射、徑向六分量接收;針對實(shí)驗(yàn)中背對低阻異常體的通道其接收信號會(huì)出現(xiàn)最小電壓值這一規(guī)律,定義了“偏移量”的概念,從而建立了“測點(diǎn)-偏移量圖”和異常位置“氣泡圖”等數(shù)據(jù)分析圖件。(2)通過4項(xiàng)物理模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)、1項(xiàng)室外工地實(shí)測試驗(yàn)的開展,證明了論文所提出的孔中瞬變電磁測量方法能夠有效地探測鉆孔周邊的低阻異常,并定位其空間方位。在室內(nèi)模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn):低阻異常基本正對某接收通道時(shí),正對異常的三個(gè)通道為正響應(yīng)且越靠近異常體的通道接收的信號幅值越高,背向異常的通道出現(xiàn)負(fù)信號響應(yīng)且離異常越遠(yuǎn)的背向通道的負(fù)響應(yīng)信號絕對幅值越大;當(dāng)?shù)妥璁惓ｓw基本位于兩個(gè)接收通道的中分線方向上時(shí),這兩個(gè)正對異常的通道所測信號為正響應(yīng),距離異常近者信號幅值高,其他四個(gè)通道的接收信號為負(fù)響應(yīng),且距離異常遠(yuǎn)的通道其負(fù)響應(yīng)信號絕對幅值大。此外,低阻異常體大小會(huì)影響多測道剖面形態(tài)。在1:1的試驗(yàn)場地探測中進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證了該方法能夠準(zhǔn)確地判斷低阻異常體的方向性。(3)通過2項(xiàng)礦井實(shí)測實(shí)驗(yàn)的開展證明了上述礦井孔中瞬變電磁法能夠分辨鉆孔圍巖巖性的變化。礦井孔中瞬變電磁法的現(xiàn)場測試顯示了該方法對于鉆孔的巖性變化有著較為良好的反映:電阻率越低的巖層對應(yīng)多測道剖面中的電壓幅值越高,電阻率越高的巖層對應(yīng)多測道剖面中的電壓幅值就越低。
[Abstract]:Inspired by logging technology, in order to enhance the utilization of borehole space, combined with the superiority of mine transient electromagnetic technology in detecting water-rich areas in coal mines, the author has carried out a systematic study on the method and application of transient electromagnetic measurement in mine holes. Concretely, a detecting device suitable for the narrow space in the hole is designed, the theoretical formula of the transient electromagnetic field response in the hole is deduced, and the indoor and outdoor physical simulation experiments for the low resistivity abnormal body are carried out. The method of transient electromagnetic measurement in mine hole is formed. The innovative cognition and results obtained are as follows: (1) the probe form of omni-directional transient electromagnetic detection in the hole is designed, and the formula of the all-space transient electromagnetic response in the hole suitable for the device is deduced, and based on the physical simulation experiment, The data processing and analysis method of transient electromagnetic method in mine hole is put forward in this paper. Specifically, the probe form of omni-directional transient electromagnetic detection in the hole is dual double emission and radial six-component receiving. In view of the rule that the received signal will appear the minimum voltage value in the channel of the back-to-low resistivity abnormal body in the experiment, The concept of "migration" is defined, and the data analysis maps such as "point-migration map" and "bubble map" of abnormal position are established. (2) through four physical simulation experiments, one outdoor site test is carried out. It is proved that the method proposed in this paper can effectively detect the low resistivity anomaly around the borehole and locate its spatial orientation. In the indoor simulation experiment, it is found that when the low resistivity anomaly is basically positive to a certain receiving channel, the positive response of the three positive channels to the anomaly and the higher the signal amplitude of the channel close to the abnormal body are obtained. The negative signal amplitude of the negative response signal of the channel with abnormal back direction and the farther away from the abnormal channel is larger, when the low resistivity anomaly body is basically located in the direction of the middle branch of the two receiving channels, the negative response signal amplitude of the channel with low resistivity anomaly is higher than that of the other channel. The two positive signals are positive response to the abnormal channel, the amplitude of the signal near the anomaly is high, the received signal of the other four channels is negative response, and the absolute amplitude of the negative response signal of the channel far away from the anomaly is large. In addition, the size of low resistivity anomaly will affect the shape of multi-trace profile. It is further verified that this method can accurately judge the directionality of low resistivity abnormal body in the 1:1 test site. (3) through two mine experiments, it is proved that the transient electromagnetic method in the mine hole can distinguish the lithologic change of the borehole surrounding rock. The field test of transient electromagnetic method in mine hole shows that the method can reflect the lithologic change of borehole well: the lower the resistivity, the higher the voltage amplitude in the multi-channel section. The higher the resistivity, the lower the voltage amplitude in the multi-trace profile.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P631.325

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