發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-14 20:17

【摘要】：以江西省泥頁巖儲層為研究對象,通過野外地質(zhì)觀測、老井復(fù)查、樣品采集,采用掃描電子顯微鏡、高壓壓汞實(shí)驗(yàn)、低溫液氮吸附脫附實(shí)驗(yàn)、核磁共振、陰極發(fā)光、甲烷等溫吸附實(shí)驗(yàn)等測試方法,系統(tǒng)研究了江西省泥頁巖儲層孔裂隙發(fā)育類型、孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)、孔隙度等相關(guān)孔裂隙發(fā)育特征,探討了泥頁巖儲層孔裂隙發(fā)育的影響因素,分析了孔裂隙結(jié)構(gòu)對頁巖氣富集的影響。研究工作取得如下主要認(rèn)識:1)江西省泥頁巖儲層存在有機(jī)質(zhì)孔、礦物質(zhì)孔兩大類孔隙。有機(jī)質(zhì)孔包括原生有機(jī)質(zhì)孔、有機(jī)質(zhì)生烴孔。礦物質(zhì)孔以黏土礦物間孔為主,主要有粒間孔、粒內(nèi)孔、晶間孔、溶蝕孔等類型。宏觀裂隙以大型剪裂縫為主,包括“X”型共軛剪裂縫等。微裂縫發(fā)育類型主要為粒內(nèi)裂縫、粒緣裂縫、綜合型微裂縫,包括有機(jī)質(zhì)生烴縫、收縮縫等多種類型。儲集空間包括嵌套型、串珠狀孔隙、簇狀孔隙、集群孔隙等組合類型。2)儲層中的孔隙是從納米級至厘米級連續(xù)完整孔隙系統(tǒng),且介孔(2-50nm)比例較高。納米孔隙多為瓶狀、狹縫狀及無規(guī)則開放孔。介孔提供了主要的孔隙體積,介孔及微孔提供了95%以上的比表面積。江西省泥頁巖儲層均屬于特低孔-超低孔、超低滲-非滲儲層。儲層樣品均表現(xiàn)為超低含水飽和度、低可動水飽和度、高束縛水飽和度、中等含氣飽和度。超低含水飽和度現(xiàn)象可有效增加頁巖氣滲流能力但對頁巖氣開發(fā)造成一定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)�？紫栋l(fā)育是由外因(構(gòu)造作用、巖漿活動、成巖作用)和內(nèi)因(礦物組成、生氣壓裂作用)兩大因素控制。3)泥頁巖儲層現(xiàn)場解析氣量偏低,但等溫吸附最大理論吸附量達(dá)到了北美商業(yè)開發(fā)的頁巖氣含氣量的要求。其中,贛西北地區(qū)王音鋪組吸附能力最優(yōu)。有機(jī)質(zhì)孔的含量與儲層吸附能力具有正相關(guān)關(guān)系。泥頁巖儲層甲烷最大吸附量與比表面積、孔體積具有正相關(guān)趨勢。介孔表面積、大孔表面積、大孔體積與甲烷最大吸附量的相關(guān)性較強(qiáng),微孔表面積、孔體積并未表現(xiàn)出很強(qiáng)的相關(guān)性。主要的原因在于甲烷分子在微孔及介孔表面吸附方式不同:微孔中范德華力重疊,甲烷分子排列無規(guī)則;介孔中甲烷分子發(fā)生單分子層吸附,能以單層“均勻規(guī)則”的吸附于孔隙壁表面�？紫抖扰c吸附含氣量的線性關(guān)系不明顯,但孔隙度對頁巖氣賦存相態(tài)有顯著影響。泥頁巖儲層中的輸導(dǎo)體系主要有裂隙型、孔隙-裂隙型、孔隙帶型。
[Abstract]:Taking the shale reservoir of Jiangxi Province as the research object, through field geological observation, old well review, sample collection, scanning electron microscope, high pressure mercury injection experiment, low temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption and desorption experiment, nuclear magnetic resonance, cathodoluminescence, By means of methane isothermal adsorption test and other testing methods, the characteristics of pore and fissure development of shale reservoir in Jiangxi Province, such as pore fracture type, pore structure, porosity and so on, are systematically studied, and the influencing factors of pore fracture development in shale reservoir are discussed. The effect of pore structure on shale gas enrichment is analyzed. The main results are as follows: (1) there are two kinds of pores in shale reservoirs in Jiangxi Province: organic pore and mineral pore. Organic pore includes primary organic pore and organic hydrocarbon generation pore. Mineral pores mainly consist of intergranular pores, dissolution pores and so on. Macro fractures are mainly large shear cracks, including X-type conjugate shear cracks. The main types of microfractures are intragranular cracks, grain edge fractures, comprehensive microfractures, including organic hydrocarbon generation fractures, shrinkage fractures and other types. The reservoir space is composed of nested, beaded, cluster and cluster pores. 2) the pores in reservoirs are continuous and complete from nanometer to centimeter, and the ratio of mesoporous (2-50nm) is relatively high. Nano-pores are mostly bottle-shaped, slit-shaped and irregular open pores. Mesoporous provides the main pore volume, mesoporous and micropores provide more than 95% of the specific surface area. The shale reservoirs in Jiangxi Province belong to very low porosity-ultra low porosity and ultralow permeability non-permeable reservoirs. The reservoir samples are characterized by ultra-low water saturation, low movable water saturation, high irreducible water saturation and medium gas saturation. The phenomenon of ultra-low water saturation can effectively increase the percolation capacity of shale gas but cause certain risks to the development of shale gas. Pore development is controlled by external factors (tectonism, magmatic activity, diagenesis) and internal factors (mineral composition, gas fracturing). However, the maximum theoretical adsorption capacity of isothermal adsorption reached the requirement of shale gas content developed commercially in North America. Among them, the adsorption capacity of Wangyinpu formation in northwest Jiangxi is the best. There is a positive correlation between the content of organic matter pore and the adsorption ability of reservoir. The maximum adsorption capacity of methane and specific surface area and pore volume of shale reservoir have a positive correlation trend. The correlation between mesoporous surface area, macropore volume and the maximum adsorption capacity of methane is strong, but the micropore surface area and pore volume do not show strong correlation. The main reason is that methane molecules are adsorbed in different ways on the microporous and mesoporous surfaces: the Van der Waals force overlaps in the micropores, the methane molecules are arranged irregularly, and the methane molecules in the mesoporous molecules are adsorbed by monolayers. It can be adsorbed on the surface of pore wall by single layer "uniform rule". The linear relationship between porosity and adsorbed gas content is not obvious, but porosity has a significant effect on the phase state of shale gas. The transport system in shale reservoir mainly includes fracture type, pore-fissure type and pore zone type.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P618.13

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