【摘要】：德惠斷陷是松遼盆地南部吉林油田勘探的有利目標(biāo)區(qū)，深層火成巖十分發(fā)育，油氣資源十分豐富，但表層結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、速度橫向變化大、存在巨厚的低降速層，嚴(yán)重制約了油田的勘探開發(fā)。受采集設(shè)備、技術(shù)的限制，以往所采集的地震資料品質(zhì)差，信噪比和分辨率低，這一問題已經(jīng)成為制約深層油氣勘探深入發(fā)展的突出矛盾。造成資料品質(zhì)差的原因一方面是由于近地表、深層地質(zhì)條件對地震信號吸收衰減嚴(yán)重，另一方面在采集上對德惠斷陷的表層結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)查不清、井深設(shè)計不合理，沒有采取針對性的解決措施，降低了深層資料的信噪比、成像精度和構(gòu)造的準(zhǔn)確性。 通過對德惠斷陷老資料的分析，找出影響資料品質(zhì)的因素，采取有針對性的措施，來提高深層地震反射波的頻率、能量以及信噪比，通過本次研究，形成一套適合于德惠斷陷深層的施工方法。 在實(shí)際地震資料分析的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合地質(zhì)模型、參數(shù)論證，對德惠斷陷地區(qū)野外地震采集的面元、炮檢距、方位角等因素進(jìn)行論證，設(shè)計合理的觀測系統(tǒng)，來提高地震資料的反射能量和信噪比，拓寬激發(fā)子波的優(yōu)勢頻帶，以確保野外地震勘探采集質(zhì)量。在激發(fā)井深設(shè)計方面，形成一套適合德惠斷陷深層地震采集的創(chuàng)新技術(shù)。通過對試驗(yàn)資料的對比分析，優(yōu)選檢波器組合方式，來壓制高頻環(huán)境噪聲和規(guī)則的干擾波，，從而提高德惠斷陷地區(qū)深層地震記錄的信噪比和分辨率。
[Abstract]:Dehui fault depression is a favorable target area for exploration in Jilin Oilfield in the south of Songliao Basin. The deep igneous rocks are well developed, the oil and gas resources are very rich, but the surface structure is complex, and the velocity changes in the lateral direction are large. The exploration and development of oil fields are seriously restricted. Limited by acquisition equipment and technology, the quality of seismic data collected in the past is poor, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and resolution are low. This problem has become a prominent contradiction that restricts the development of deep oil and gas exploration. The reasons for the poor data quality are, on the one hand, the near surface, the deep geological conditions absorb and attenuate the seismic signal seriously, on the other hand, the surface structure of the Dehui fault depression is not clearly investigated and the design of the well depth is unreasonable. No specific measures are taken to reduce the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), imaging accuracy and structural accuracy of the deep data. Through the analysis of the old data of Dehui fault depression, the factors affecting the quality of the data are found, and targeted measures are taken to improve the frequency, energy and signal-to-noise ratio of deep seismic reflection waves. To form a set of construction methods suitable for deep-seated Dehui fault depression. On the basis of the analysis of the actual seismic data, combined with the geological model and the parameter demonstration, the factors of field seismic acquisition in Dehui fault area, such as plane, offset, azimuth and so on, are demonstrated, and a reasonable observation system is designed. In order to improve the reflection energy and signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data, broaden the dominant frequency band of excited wavelet, and ensure the acquisition quality of field seismic exploration. A set of innovative techniques suitable for deep seismic acquisition in Dehui fault depression is formed in the design of excitation well depth. By comparing and analyzing the experimental data and selecting the combination of geophone, the high frequency ambient noise and regular interference wave can be suppressed, so as to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of deep seismic records in Dehui fault area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P631.42

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