伊拉克哈勒法耶油田白堊系Mishrif組碳酸鹽巖儲層成因及分布評價
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-08 11:21
【摘要】：伊拉克哈勒法耶油田是以生物碎屑灰?guī)r為主的巨型油田,Mishrif組是最主要的產(chǎn)油層位,沉積厚度大,發(fā)育灘相和非灘相兩類儲層,兩類儲層成因不同,儲集性能有明顯差異。綜合利用巖石薄片觀察、掃描電鏡、陰極發(fā)光、碳氧同位素、物性測試等技術(shù)資料對巖石學(xué)特征、沉積特征、成巖作用及儲層特征進行研究,明確儲層發(fā)育控制因素,在此基礎(chǔ)上開展灘相和非灘相儲層成因類型研究,提出Mishrif組儲層成因類型劃分方案。根據(jù)不同成因類型儲層物性和孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)特征的差異開展不同成因類型儲層分類評價研究,將灘相儲層劃分為四類,非灘相儲層劃分為三類。同時,在單井儲層分布基礎(chǔ)上,綜合考慮沉積微相類型、儲層成因類型和有效儲層厚度等地質(zhì)因素,開展Mishrif組優(yōu)質(zhì)儲層平面分布評價研究。Mishrif組發(fā)育在一個二級層序內(nèi),可進一步劃分為2個三級層序和4個四級層序,Mishrif組層序地層發(fā)育主要受海平面變化控制,橫向?qū)有驅(qū)Ρ刃院�、展布穩(wěn)定,該組含油層在海侵體系域和高位體系域均有發(fā)育。研究區(qū)碳酸鹽巖時代較新、生物繁盛,根據(jù)鄧哈姆分類的支撐類型分為顆�；�?guī)r和泥晶灰?guī)r兩大類,依據(jù)沉積水動力條件的差異將顆�；�?guī)r分為生屑/砂屑灰?guī)r和有孔蟲灰?guī)r,以生屑/砂屑、有孔蟲骨架和泥晶基質(zhì)為三個端元將研究區(qū)巖石類型分為生屑/砂屑灰?guī)r、有孔蟲灰?guī)r和泥晶灰?guī)r三大類,進一步結(jié)合顆粒含量的多少細分為6小類,共計9種巖石類型,并對不同巖石特征進行了研究,同時在巖性測井識別的基礎(chǔ)上開展不同巖性的分布特征,其中生屑/砂屑灰?guī)r類在Mishrif組分布廣泛,其中MB2段是整個Mishrif組生屑/砂屑灰?guī)r分布最為集中的層段,厚度約50m;泥晶灰?guī)r主要分布在MB1段,以薄層狀分布在生屑/砂屑灰?guī)r之間。Mishrif組發(fā)育在碳酸鹽臺地背景下,通過對沉積特征的研究表明發(fā)育局限臺地、開闊臺地和臺地邊緣三種沉積亞相。局限臺地發(fā)育生屑灘和臺內(nèi)洼地兩類微相,生屑灘與灰泥呈頻繁互層狀分布,局部可見少量搬運改造后的生物碎屑,臺內(nèi)洼地和緩坡相以泥晶灰?guī)r沉積為主,優(yōu)質(zhì)儲層不發(fā)育。開闊臺地發(fā)育灘間和臺內(nèi)生屑灘沉積,沉積水動力條件比局限臺地生屑灘強。臺地邊緣發(fā)育多種沉積微相及其組合,其中介屑灘+灘間+厚殼蛤碎屑灘+生屑灘+厚殼蛤碎屑灘組合儲集性能最好。Mishrif組發(fā)育灘相和非灘相兩類儲層,灘相儲層主要發(fā)育在臺地邊緣和開闊臺地相,儲集巖類包括介屑灰?guī)r、厚殼蛤碎屑灰?guī)r、砂屑灰?guī)r、生屑泥�；�?guī)r、生屑粒泥灰?guī)r等。儲集空間以粒間孔和鑄�？诪橹�,發(fā)育多種孔隙組合類型,其中生物格架孔僅在厚殼蛤碎屑灘儲層段發(fā)育。灘相儲層孔隙度、滲透率較高,屬高孔、中-高滲儲層�？紫督Y(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)育大喉道與小喉道兩類,大喉道占比少但卻對滲透率起控制作用,滲透率最高達到765×10-3μm2。非灘相儲層主要發(fā)育在局限臺地相,儲集巖顆粒較細,孔隙類型組合以體腔孔、溶孔和鑄模孔為主,孔隙度1.67%~25.35%,平均15%,滲透率0.01×10-3μm2~72.14×10-3μm2,平均8.47×10-3μm2,為中高孔、中低滲儲層,孔喉分布以中等喉道為主,約占比65%。Mishrif組層間隔夾層厚度較大、橫向分布較穩(wěn)定、區(qū)域連續(xù)性好;層內(nèi)隔夾層普遍厚度較小,連續(xù)性差。總的來說,Mishrif組儲層表現(xiàn)出層內(nèi)較弱、層間稍強的非均質(zhì)性特征。通過對Mishrif組儲層特征的研究,認為沉積相是控制研究區(qū)碳酸鹽儲層的根本因素(成巖作用主要為同生期的溶蝕作用和少量的膠結(jié)作用,其也受控于沉積相)。在儲層特征及主控因素研究基礎(chǔ)上,提出Mishrif組不同儲層成因類型劃分方案:根據(jù)沉積微相、巖石類型和優(yōu)勢孔隙類型組合的差異,將研究區(qū)灘相儲層分為臺緣灘儲層和臺內(nèi)灘儲層,其中臺緣灘儲層包括砂屑灰?guī)r儲層、似球�；�?guī)r儲層、介屑灰?guī)r儲層、厚殼蛤碎屑灰?guī)r儲層及生屑灰?guī)r儲層;臺內(nèi)灘主要為生屑顆粒成分復(fù)合的灰?guī)r儲層,共計2大類、4小類成因類型;通過對非灘相儲層特征研究及成因分析,結(jié)合巖石類型及優(yōu)勢孔隙類型將非灘相儲層劃分為2類、3小類成因類型,其中臺緣斜坡、灘間(洼)地的生屑有孔蟲粒泥灰?guī)r相、緩坡及臺洼中的有孔蟲灰?guī)r相和有孔蟲泥晶灰?guī)r相為較好的儲層。在儲層成因類型研究基礎(chǔ)之上,結(jié)合不同成因類型儲層物性和孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)特征,將灘相儲層劃分為Ⅰ、Ⅱ類,其中Ⅰ類儲層為臺緣灘相發(fā)育帶,在MB2段最為發(fā)育,特別是在介屑灘、厚殼蛤碎屑灘和砂屑灘發(fā)育部位;灘相Ⅱ類儲層為似球粒灘、臺內(nèi)灘,在MA、MB2和MC1段均有發(fā)育,分布最廣;將非灘相儲層劃分為Ⅱ、Ⅲ類,其中Ⅱ類儲層主要發(fā)育在MB1下段局部生屑灘和臺緣斜坡、灘間(洼)地的生屑有孔蟲粒泥灰?guī)r相發(fā)育部位;Ⅲ類儲層主要為緩坡及臺洼中的有孔蟲灰?guī)r相和有孔蟲泥晶灰?guī)r相發(fā)育部位,非灘相Ⅳ類為非儲層,主要發(fā)育在緩坡、臺洼相,整體厚度較薄,巖性以泥晶灰?guī)r為主,含少量致密粒泥灰?guī)r。通過單井儲層分布和儲層平面分布研究認為優(yōu)質(zhì)儲層為灘相I+II類儲層和非灘相II類儲層,主要發(fā)育在生屑灘、粒屑灘相灰?guī)r及有孔蟲發(fā)育的非灘相灰?guī)r區(qū)。
[Abstract]:The Hale Faye oilfield in Iraq is a giant oil field mainly with bioclastic limestone. The Mishrif group is the most important oil producing layer, with large thickness of deposit and two types of reservoirs with developed beach and non shoal facies. The formation of two types of reservoirs is different and the reservoir performance is different. On the basis of the study of petrological characteristics, sedimentary characteristics, diagenesis and reservoir characteristics, the control factors of reservoir development are clearly defined. On this basis, the genetic types of the shoal and non shoal facies are studied, and the classification scheme of the formation types of the Mishrif formation is put forward. The differences in the characteristics of reservoir physical properties and pore structure of different genetic types are also proposed. In the study of different types of reservoir classification and evaluation, the shoal facies are divided into four types, and the non shoal reservoirs are divided into three types. At the same time, on the basis of the distribution of single well reservoir, the type of sedimentary microfacies, the reservoir genesis type and the effective reservoir thickness are considered, and the evaluation of the.Mishrif group of the high quality reservoir plane distribution in the Mishrif group is carried out. It is developed in a two order sequence, which can be further divided into 2 three order sequences and 4 four order sequences. The sequence stratigraphic development of group Mishrif is mainly controlled by sea level change, the transversal sequence contrast is good and the distribution is stable. According to Dunham classification, the support types are divided into two major categories: granular limestone and muddy limestone. According to the difference of the hydrodynamic conditions, the grained limestone is divided into raw chip / sand clastic limestone and foraminifera limestone, and three endpoints, including the raw debris / sand debris, the foraminifera skeleton and the mud crystal matrix, are divided into the raw debris / sand clastic limestone and the foraminifera limestone. Three types of muddy limestone, which are further combined with the number of particles in 6 small categories, are divided into 9 types of rock, and the characteristics of different rocks are studied. At the same time, the distribution characteristics of different lithology are carried out on the basis of lithologic logging recognition. Among them, the debris / dust limestone is widely distributed in the Mishrif group, and the MB2 section is the whole Mishrif group. The most concentrated layer of clump / clastic limestone is about 50m, and the muddy limestone is mainly distributed in the MB1 section, and the.Mishrif group between the clump and the clastic limestone is developed under the background of the carbonate platform. By the study of the sedimentary characteristics, three sedimentary subfacies in the limited platform, the open platform and the edge of the platform are found. There are two types of microfacies in the developmental and platform depressions, and the slime and plaster are frequently interbedded, and a small amount of reformed bioclasts can be seen, and the low-lying and gentle slope facies are mainly composed of muddy limestone deposits, and the high quality reservoirs are not developed. A variety of sedimentary microfacies and their assemblages are developed on the edge of the platform. Among them, the combination of the chip beach + interbank + thick shell clam clastic beach + raw clam clam clam clam flats is the best.Mishrif formation and non shoal facies, and the beach facies reservoirs are mainly developed at the edge of the platform and the open platform facies, and the reservoir rocks include the mesoporous limestone and the thick clam. Clastic limestone, sand clastic rock, bioclastic limestones and bioclastic marl, and so on. The reservoir space is mainly composed of intergranular pore and mold hole, and many kinds of pore combination are developed. Among them, the biogrid hole is developed only in the clam clam reservoir section of thick clam. The porosity and permeability of the reservoir are high, and the pore structure is high and medium high permeability reservoir. The pore structure develops large throat and the pore structure is developed with large throat and large throat. There are two types of small larynx. The large throat is less than the permeability, but the permeability is controlled by the permeability. The permeability is up to 765 x 10-3 mu m2., the reservoir is mainly developed in the limited platform facies, the reservoir rock particles are fine, the pore type is composed of the body cavity, the porosity and the mold hole are mainly, the porosity is 1.67%~ 25.35%, the average is 15%, and the permeability is 0.01 * 10-3, m2~72.14 * 10-3 Mu m2, The average 8.47 x 10-3 Mu M2 is medium and low permeability reservoir, and the pore throat distribution is mainly medium throat. The thickness of the interval interlayer of the 65%.Mishrif group is larger, the transverse distribution is more stable, the continuity of the region is good, the thickness of the interlayer is small and the continuity is poor. In general, the reservoir of the Mishrif group shows a weak layer in the layer and a slight heterogeneity between the layers. Through the study of the reservoir characteristics of the Mishrif group, it is considered that the sedimentary facies are the fundamental factors to control the carbonate reservoirs in the study area (the Cheng Yan action is mainly the dissolution of the same period and a small amount of cementation, and it is also controlled by the sedimentary facies). On the basis of the reservoir characteristics and the main controlling factors, the genetic types of different reservoirs in the Mishrif group are put forward. Division scheme: according to the difference of sedimentary microfacies, rock types and the combination of dominant pore types, the study area is divided into the platform margin reservoir and the platform inner beach reservoir, in which the platform margin reservoir includes the sand clastic reservoir, the pellet limestone reservoir, the mesoporous limestone reservoir, the clam clastic limestone reservoir and the clastic limestone reservoir, and the main platform of the platform is the flat beach. There are 2 types of limestone reservoirs composed of the composition of raw debris particles, and 4 small types of genetic types. Through the study on the characteristics of the non shoal facies and the genetic analysis, the non shoal facies are divided into 2 types and 3 types of genetic types, including the rock types and the dominant pore types, including the platform margin slope and the interbank (depression) area of the grain marl facies, the gentle slope and the platform depression. The foraminifera limestone and foraminifera mudstone facies are good reservoirs. On the basis of the genetic types of reservoir formation and the characteristics of reservoir physical properties and pore structure of different genetic types, the shoal facies are divided into type I and class II, among which, the type I reservoir is the platform margin Development Zone, and the most developed in the MB2 section, especially in the mesoporous beach and thick clam. The formation of clastic beach and sand flats; the type II reservoir of the shoal facies is like pellet beach, and the inner beach is developed and distributed most widely in MA, MB2 and MC1 segments; the non Shoal Reservoir is divided into II and III, of which the second kind of reservoir is mainly developed in the local crumb and edge slope of the lower MB1 segment, and the development part of the pellet marl facies in the interbank (depression); The reservoir is mainly the foraminifera limestone and the foraminifera muddy facies development parts in the gentle slope and the platform, the non shoal type IV is non reservoir, which mainly develops in the gentle slope, the platform depression is thin, the lithology is mainly composed of muddy limestone and contains a small amount of dense grained marl. It is a type I+II reservoir of beach facies and a type II reservoir of non-beach facies, mainly developed in the non-beach facies limestone areas of bioclastic beach, granular beach facies limestone and foraminifera.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P618.13
本文編號：2171632
[Abstract]:The Hale Faye oilfield in Iraq is a giant oil field mainly with bioclastic limestone. The Mishrif group is the most important oil producing layer, with large thickness of deposit and two types of reservoirs with developed beach and non shoal facies. The formation of two types of reservoirs is different and the reservoir performance is different. On the basis of the study of petrological characteristics, sedimentary characteristics, diagenesis and reservoir characteristics, the control factors of reservoir development are clearly defined. On this basis, the genetic types of the shoal and non shoal facies are studied, and the classification scheme of the formation types of the Mishrif formation is put forward. The differences in the characteristics of reservoir physical properties and pore structure of different genetic types are also proposed. In the study of different types of reservoir classification and evaluation, the shoal facies are divided into four types, and the non shoal reservoirs are divided into three types. At the same time, on the basis of the distribution of single well reservoir, the type of sedimentary microfacies, the reservoir genesis type and the effective reservoir thickness are considered, and the evaluation of the.Mishrif group of the high quality reservoir plane distribution in the Mishrif group is carried out. It is developed in a two order sequence, which can be further divided into 2 three order sequences and 4 four order sequences. The sequence stratigraphic development of group Mishrif is mainly controlled by sea level change, the transversal sequence contrast is good and the distribution is stable. According to Dunham classification, the support types are divided into two major categories: granular limestone and muddy limestone. According to the difference of the hydrodynamic conditions, the grained limestone is divided into raw chip / sand clastic limestone and foraminifera limestone, and three endpoints, including the raw debris / sand debris, the foraminifera skeleton and the mud crystal matrix, are divided into the raw debris / sand clastic limestone and the foraminifera limestone. Three types of muddy limestone, which are further combined with the number of particles in 6 small categories, are divided into 9 types of rock, and the characteristics of different rocks are studied. At the same time, the distribution characteristics of different lithology are carried out on the basis of lithologic logging recognition. Among them, the debris / dust limestone is widely distributed in the Mishrif group, and the MB2 section is the whole Mishrif group. The most concentrated layer of clump / clastic limestone is about 50m, and the muddy limestone is mainly distributed in the MB1 section, and the.Mishrif group between the clump and the clastic limestone is developed under the background of the carbonate platform. By the study of the sedimentary characteristics, three sedimentary subfacies in the limited platform, the open platform and the edge of the platform are found. There are two types of microfacies in the developmental and platform depressions, and the slime and plaster are frequently interbedded, and a small amount of reformed bioclasts can be seen, and the low-lying and gentle slope facies are mainly composed of muddy limestone deposits, and the high quality reservoirs are not developed. A variety of sedimentary microfacies and their assemblages are developed on the edge of the platform. Among them, the combination of the chip beach + interbank + thick shell clam clastic beach + raw clam clam clam clam flats is the best.Mishrif formation and non shoal facies, and the beach facies reservoirs are mainly developed at the edge of the platform and the open platform facies, and the reservoir rocks include the mesoporous limestone and the thick clam. Clastic limestone, sand clastic rock, bioclastic limestones and bioclastic marl, and so on. The reservoir space is mainly composed of intergranular pore and mold hole, and many kinds of pore combination are developed. Among them, the biogrid hole is developed only in the clam clam reservoir section of thick clam. The porosity and permeability of the reservoir are high, and the pore structure is high and medium high permeability reservoir. The pore structure develops large throat and the pore structure is developed with large throat and large throat. There are two types of small larynx. The large throat is less than the permeability, but the permeability is controlled by the permeability. The permeability is up to 765 x 10-3 mu m2., the reservoir is mainly developed in the limited platform facies, the reservoir rock particles are fine, the pore type is composed of the body cavity, the porosity and the mold hole are mainly, the porosity is 1.67%~ 25.35%, the average is 15%, and the permeability is 0.01 * 10-3, m2~72.14 * 10-3 Mu m2, The average 8.47 x 10-3 Mu M2 is medium and low permeability reservoir, and the pore throat distribution is mainly medium throat. The thickness of the interval interlayer of the 65%.Mishrif group is larger, the transverse distribution is more stable, the continuity of the region is good, the thickness of the interlayer is small and the continuity is poor. In general, the reservoir of the Mishrif group shows a weak layer in the layer and a slight heterogeneity between the layers. Through the study of the reservoir characteristics of the Mishrif group, it is considered that the sedimentary facies are the fundamental factors to control the carbonate reservoirs in the study area (the Cheng Yan action is mainly the dissolution of the same period and a small amount of cementation, and it is also controlled by the sedimentary facies). On the basis of the reservoir characteristics and the main controlling factors, the genetic types of different reservoirs in the Mishrif group are put forward. Division scheme: according to the difference of sedimentary microfacies, rock types and the combination of dominant pore types, the study area is divided into the platform margin reservoir and the platform inner beach reservoir, in which the platform margin reservoir includes the sand clastic reservoir, the pellet limestone reservoir, the mesoporous limestone reservoir, the clam clastic limestone reservoir and the clastic limestone reservoir, and the main platform of the platform is the flat beach. There are 2 types of limestone reservoirs composed of the composition of raw debris particles, and 4 small types of genetic types. Through the study on the characteristics of the non shoal facies and the genetic analysis, the non shoal facies are divided into 2 types and 3 types of genetic types, including the rock types and the dominant pore types, including the platform margin slope and the interbank (depression) area of the grain marl facies, the gentle slope and the platform depression. The foraminifera limestone and foraminifera mudstone facies are good reservoirs. On the basis of the genetic types of reservoir formation and the characteristics of reservoir physical properties and pore structure of different genetic types, the shoal facies are divided into type I and class II, among which, the type I reservoir is the platform margin Development Zone, and the most developed in the MB2 section, especially in the mesoporous beach and thick clam. The formation of clastic beach and sand flats; the type II reservoir of the shoal facies is like pellet beach, and the inner beach is developed and distributed most widely in MA, MB2 and MC1 segments; the non Shoal Reservoir is divided into II and III, of which the second kind of reservoir is mainly developed in the local crumb and edge slope of the lower MB1 segment, and the development part of the pellet marl facies in the interbank (depression); The reservoir is mainly the foraminifera limestone and the foraminifera muddy facies development parts in the gentle slope and the platform, the non shoal type IV is non reservoir, which mainly develops in the gentle slope, the platform depression is thin, the lithology is mainly composed of muddy limestone and contains a small amount of dense grained marl. It is a type I+II reservoir of beach facies and a type II reservoir of non-beach facies, mainly developed in the non-beach facies limestone areas of bioclastic beach, granular beach facies limestone and foraminifera.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P618.13
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