【摘要】：沙灣大溝泥石流地處云南省尋甸縣金源鄉(xiāng)境內(nèi),位于區(qū)域活動(dòng)帶小江斷裂帶附近,小江斷裂帶西支斷裂東側(cè)。該泥石流是一種泥沙、石塊、水氣相互混合而成的洪流且常見(jiàn)于山區(qū)的地質(zhì)災(zāi)害之一。具有復(fù)雜性、偶然性、規(guī)律性、必然性等特點(diǎn)。泥石流的危險(xiǎn)性及危害性也稱之為危險(xiǎn)度和危害度。危險(xiǎn)度是指受損對(duì)象遭受泥石流損害的可能性大�。何：Χ仁侵改嗍鲗�(duì)流域內(nèi)被危害對(duì)象的損害程度。危險(xiǎn)度是泥石流本身所具有的,而危害度則與被危害對(duì)象在流域內(nèi)的位置和強(qiáng)度有關(guān)。對(duì)泥石流進(jìn)行危險(xiǎn)性評(píng)價(jià)是研究和防治泥石流的一個(gè)重要途徑。層次分析法是一種數(shù)量化理論的多元統(tǒng)計(jì)分析方法。結(jié)合該泥石流的實(shí)際情況,本次研究分成目標(biāo)層、準(zhǔn)則層和指標(biāo)層三個(gè)層次,目標(biāo)層為泥石流危險(xiǎn)度評(píng)價(jià)；準(zhǔn)則層包括成災(zāi)因素、地形地貌、物源條件等內(nèi)容；指標(biāo)層包括松散物質(zhì)儲(chǔ)量、主溝平均比降、總流域面積、地形坡度、年24小時(shí)最大降雨量、最大相對(duì)高差、泥沙補(bǔ)給段長(zhǎng)度比、主溝道長(zhǎng)度、流域切割密度、主溝床彎曲系數(shù)、植被覆蓋率等因子。通過(guò)前期基礎(chǔ)工作的調(diào)查和計(jì)算,對(duì)指標(biāo)層中各因子進(jìn)行賦值及評(píng)分,并將所有因子評(píng)分進(jìn)行加和,最終利用所得“和”對(duì)沙灣大溝泥石流危險(xiǎn)性評(píng)價(jià)。沙灣大溝泥石流流域地質(zhì)構(gòu)造復(fù)雜,地層巖性復(fù)雜、破碎,地形地貌條件復(fù)雜,降雨豐沛且雨季活動(dòng)性較強(qiáng)。該泥石流溝位于活動(dòng)性斷層小江斷裂帶之嵩明-蒼溪大斷層?xùn)|側(cè)約1.5km處,受活動(dòng)性斷層的影響和作用,研究區(qū)內(nèi)巖體結(jié)構(gòu)破碎,地形起伏變化較大。沙灣大溝呈“葫蘆”狀,上游地形平緩寬闊,溝道多呈“V”形,出露地層巖性為灰?guī)r、白云質(zhì)灰?guī)r、泥質(zhì)粉砂巖、頁(yè)巖等碳酸鹽巖和碎屑巖,溝岸較不穩(wěn)定,多處分布有滑坡和崩塌等不良地質(zhì),為泥石流的形成提供了有利的物源條件,為泥石流的形成區(qū)；中游地形切割較深,地形較陡,溝道較窄,出露地層巖性為白云質(zhì)灰?guī)r、玄武巖等堅(jiān)硬巖組,溝岸及溝床較穩(wěn)定,有利于泥石流流體快速流通,為泥石流的流通區(qū)；下游地形平坦開(kāi)闊,出溝口呈扇形狀,堆積層較厚,溝床寬大且切割淺,泥石流流體流速急劇下降,常常于此堵塞停積,為泥石流的堆積區(qū)。通過(guò)調(diào)查分析研究和參數(shù)計(jì)算,本次論文研究主要成果和認(rèn)識(shí)有以下幾點(diǎn)：(1)沙灣大溝泥石流流域形態(tài)具有形成區(qū)、流通區(qū)、堆積區(qū)的分區(qū)段個(gè)特征,為泥石流的形成奠定基礎(chǔ)條件和提供空間場(chǎng)所。(2)研究區(qū)內(nèi)地層出露不完全,巖性以泥質(zhì)粉砂巖、頁(yè)巖等碎屑巖為主,受活動(dòng)性斷層的影響和破壞,巖體破碎、風(fēng)化嚴(yán)重,節(jié)理裂隙發(fā)育,有利于物源條件的形成。(3)泥石流重要參數(shù)計(jì)算結(jié)果,容重γc=2.12t/m3,流速u(mài)c=5.05m/s,流量Qz=61.5m3/s,整體沖擊力F=94.42K.Pa,單塊巨石沖擊力F=1600.00KPa。(4)沙灣大溝泥石流形成機(jī)制正是在物源條件、水源條件、地形條件三者有機(jī)結(jié)合的充要條件下爆發(fā)的,具有爆發(fā)規(guī)模大、頻次高、流速大、沖擊力大,并攜帶巨大的粗顆粒等運(yùn)動(dòng)及動(dòng)力特征。(5)運(yùn)用層次分析法進(jìn)行泥石流危險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果Q=136。(6)沙灣大溝泥石流下游分布有集鎮(zhèn)、村莊、道路交通、電力通訊和農(nóng)田水利等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,現(xiàn)狀危害程度大。泥石流以掩埋(淤埋)、沖擊(撞擊)、沖刷與磨蝕、堵塞和擠壓河道等形式對(duì)其危害對(duì)象將造成不同程度的損毀,即泥石流危害機(jī)理。(7)沙灣大溝泥石流從物源條件、水源條件、地形條件等三方面來(lái)看,其發(fā)展趨勢(shì)不論是規(guī)模還是頻率均將會(huì)有所增加。(8)沙灣大溝泥石流是一條溝谷型粘性高頻極嚴(yán)重危險(xiǎn)性泥石流。
[Abstract]:Shawan ditu debris flow is located in Jin Yuan Township, Xundian County, Yunnan Province, located in the vicinity of the Xiaojiang Fault Zone and the east side of the West Branch fault of the Xiaojiang Fault Zone. The debris flow is a kind of sediment, stone, water and gas mixed with each other and one of the geological disasters in the mountain area. It is complicated, accidental, regular and inevitable. The risk and harmfulness of debris flow is also known as the degree of danger and hazard. The degree of danger refers to the possibility of the damage of the damaged object by debris flow: the degree of damage is the degree of damage to the damaged object in the basin. The degree of the risk is the debris flow itself, and the degree of danger is in the position of the damaged object in the basin. The risk assessment of debris flow is an important way to study and prevent debris flow. The analytic hierarchy process is a multivariate statistical analysis method of quantitative theory. Combined with the actual situation of the debris flow, this study is divided into three levels, target layer, standard layer and index layer, and target layer is the evaluation of debris flow hazard degree. The standard layer includes disaster factors, terrain and geomorphology, source conditions and so on. The index layer includes the loose material reserves, the average ratio drop of the main ditch, the total basin area, the terrain slope, the maximum rainfall of 24 hours, the maximum relative height difference, the length ratio of the sediment supply section, the main channel length, the watershed cutting density, the main groove bed bending coefficient, vegetation coverage and so on. Factor. Through the investigation and calculation of the previous basic work, the factors in the index layer are assigned and scored, and all the factors are added and added. Finally, the risk assessment of the debris flow in the Shawan big gully is finally used. The geological structure of the Shai Wan ditu mudflow basin is complex, the lithology is complex, and the topography and geomorphology conditions are complex. The debris flow gully is located at the east side of the Songming Cangxi large fault of the active fault Xiaojiang Fault Zone, about 1.5km, which is affected and affected by the active fault. The rock mass structure in the study area is broken and the terrain fluctuates greatly. The Shawan big gully appears "gourd", the upstream terrain is gentle and broad, the channel is mostly "V". The lithology of form and outcropping strata is limestone, dolomitic limestone, muddy siltstone, shale and other carbonate and clastic rocks. The gully bank is not stable, and there are many bad geological conditions, such as landslides and collapses, which provide favorable source conditions for debris flow formation, the formation of debris flow, the deep cutting of the terrain, the narrow terrain and the narrow channel. The stratum lithology is dolomitic limestone, basalt and other hard rock groups, and the gully bank and trench bed are more stable. It is beneficial to the rapid circulation of debris flow and the circulation area of debris flow. The downstream terrain is flat and open, the outlet is fan shape, the accumulation layer is thicker, the groove bed is wide and the flow velocity of debris flow drops sharply, often the mud is stopped and mud is accumulated. Through investigation and analysis and parameter calculation, the main achievements and understanding of this paper are as follows: (1) the morphology of the debris flow in the Shawan ditu mudflow basin has the characteristics of the formation area, the circulation area and the accumulation area, which lays the foundation for the formation of debris flow and provides the space for the debris flow. (2) the outflow of the inland layer in the study area Not completely, lithology is dominated by muddy siltstone, shale and other clastic rocks, affected and destroyed by active faults, rock mass broken, weathering, joint fracture development, and formation of source conditions. (3) calculation results of important parameters of debris flow, bulk weight gamma c=2.12t/m3, flow velocity uc=5.05m/s, flow Qz=61.5m3/s, overall impact force F=94.42K.Pa, single block The formation mechanism of the debris flow in F=1600.00KPa. (4) Shawan big gully is just under the condition of physical source, water source and topographic conditions with the organic combination of three organic combination. It has large scale, high frequency, high velocity, great impact force, and carrying huge coarse grain. (5) using analytic hierarchy process to carry out mud The result of the rock flow hazard assessment Q=136. (6) the downstream of the Shawan ditu debris flow is distributed in towns, villages, road traffic, electric power communication and farmland water conservancy. The current situation is very harmful. The debris flow is buried (buried), impact (impact), erosion and abrasion, clogging and extrusion of river channels will cause damage to different extent, The damage mechanism of debris flow. (7) the development trend of debris flow in Shawan ditu debris flow, from three aspects of source condition, water source condition and terrain condition, will increase in both scale and frequency. (8) the debris flow of Shawan big gully is a valleys viscous high frequency extremely dangerous debris flow.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P642.23

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