土耳其西部深部構造及其與區(qū)域地熱異常分布的關系
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-31 16:12
【摘要】：研究區(qū)位于土耳其西部,在構造位置處于歐亞板塊南緣。自晚漸新世-早中新世以來,由于非洲板塊和阿拉伯板塊向該地區(qū)的北向俯沖,使該地區(qū)處于弧后伸展的構造應力場;同時由于東部阿拉伯板塊的俯沖速度更快,使得研究區(qū)的地殼在南北向的拉伸過程中同時向西運動。研究區(qū)地殼的持續(xù)拉伸減薄,使其成為全球范圍內(nèi)地殼變形最劇烈、活動斷層最活躍、地震發(fā)震最頻繁、地熱資源最豐富的地區(qū)之一。地熱能是新能源中最穩(wěn)定最清潔的能源之一,近年來已成為國內(nèi)外的研究熱點。地熱發(fā)電具有收益可靠和投資巨大等特點,對于區(qū)域熱田成因機制的充分研究,在地熱發(fā)電的投資決策、裝機容量設計和風險控制中極為關鍵。本文使用快速波前推進射線追蹤法和子空間迭代算法精細反演了研究區(qū)深度40km以上的地殼-上地幔速度結構,并發(fā)現(xiàn)研究區(qū)深部15-50km范圍內(nèi)存在低速體,結合區(qū)域大地電磁測深資料,推斷為未完全固結的巖漿囊;使用gCAP方法對土耳其西部-愛琴海地區(qū)進行了震源機制求解,研究了整個區(qū)域的地震斷層類型;并在此基礎上,對重點熱田區(qū)域進行了精細的震源機制求解,發(fā)現(xiàn)研究區(qū)的地震斷層以正斷層為主;使用SATSI程序精細反演了研究區(qū)的現(xiàn)今構造應力場,發(fā)現(xiàn)研究區(qū)代尼茲利盆地受南北向拉伸和自東向西的擠壓的雙重作用下,應力狀態(tài)不均一,是該地區(qū)地震多發(fā)的主要原因;以典型區(qū)域代尼茲利盆地為例,綜合使用大地電磁法、水文地球化學方法和同位素地球化學方法,建立了其地熱成因模型,并對熱田的熱儲、蓋層、熱源、補給水源和熱田參數(shù)等進行了論述;系統(tǒng)搜集了區(qū)域所有熱田的地熱數(shù)據(jù),繪制了研究區(qū)的大地熱流值圖、地溫梯度圖、泉口溫度分布圖和熱儲溫度分布圖,系統(tǒng)說明了研究區(qū)的地熱異常分布特征與規(guī)律,并發(fā)現(xiàn)庫拉火山群有著區(qū)域內(nèi)最高的大地熱流值,結合深部構造,其可能是新近紀-第四紀以來地幔物質(zhì)上涌的主要通道;在上述基礎上,對區(qū)域地熱異常分布的地質(zhì)學成因,如地層分布與熱儲展布、火山活動與熱田熱量來源、以及活動斷層對熱田的控熱機制進行了系統(tǒng)闡述;對地熱異常分布的深部構造成因,如殼幔速度結構、電性結構、居里面深度和重力異常所代表的深部構造進行了系統(tǒng)闡述,對地熱異常的動力學機制進行了系統(tǒng)闡述;在此基礎上,建立了研究的地熱異常的綜合成因機制模型。本文的創(chuàng)新點在于:基于海量地震事件的地震層析成像,對研究區(qū)深度40km以上的P波、S波速度結構和泊松比進行了精細反演,并精細刻畫了研究區(qū)地下巖漿囊的空間分布形態(tài);通過震源機制求解,建立了研究區(qū)精細的現(xiàn)今構造應力場;對代尼茲利熱田的成因機制和熱田屬性進行了研究;系統(tǒng)搜集區(qū)域最新的地熱資料,結合代尼茲利盆地熱田情況,闡明了區(qū)域的地熱異常分布特征與規(guī)律;從地質(zhì)成因、深部構造和構造應力場等方面,系統(tǒng)探討了地熱異常分布的成因機制;建立了整個土耳其西部的地熱異常綜合成因模型。
[Abstract]:The study area is located in Western Turkey and is located in the southern margin of the Eurasian plate. Since the late Oligocene to the early Miocene, the region was in a tectonic stress field extending back to arc due to the subduction of the African plate and the Arabia plate to the north of the region, and the subduction rate of the eastern Arabia plate was faster, making the crust of the study area. The continuous stretching of the north-south direction moves westward at the same time. The continuous stretching of the crust in the study area has been thinner and thinner, making it one of the regions with the most intense crustal deformation, active faults, most frequent earthquakes and one of the most abundant geothermal resources in the world. Geothermal energy is one of the most stable and clean energy in the new energy, which has become a domestic one in recent years. The geothermal power generation has the characteristics of reliable income and huge investment. It is very important for the research of the genetic mechanism of the hot field in the region, the investment decision of the geothermal power generation, the design of the installed capacity and the risk control. This paper uses the fast wave front propulsion ray tracing method and the subspace iterative algorithm to accurately retrieve the depth of the study area. The velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle above 40km is found, and it is found that there is a low velocity body in the deep 15-50km range of the study area. Combining with the regional magnetotelluric sounding data, it is deduced that the magma capsule is not completely consolidated, and the source mechanism of the western Turkey Aegean Sea area is solved by using the method of seismic source, and the type of seismic fault in the whole region is studied. On this basis, the fine seismic source mechanism of the key hot field area is solved. It is found that the seismic faults in the study area are mainly normal faults, and the SATSI program is used to accurately retrieve the present tectonic stress field of the study area. It is found that the stress state of the Denizli Basin in the study area is not uniform under the double action of North-South stretching and east to West extrusion. First, it is the main cause of earthquake occurrence in this area. Taking the Denizli basin as an example, the geothermal model is established by using magnetotelluric method, hydrogeochemical method and isotope geochemistry method, and the thermal reservoir, cover layer, heat source, water source and hot field parameters are discussed, and the system has been collected. The geothermal data of all hot fields in the field have drawn the geothermal flow chart of the study area, the geothermal gradient map, the temperature distribution map of the spring mouth and the distribution map of the thermal storage temperature. The geothermal anomaly distribution characteristics and laws of the study area are illustrated systematically, and it is found that the highest geothermal flow in the region is found in the area of the Qula volcano, which may be a new Neogene with the deep structure. The main channel of mantle material upwelling since the Quaternary; on the basis of the above, the geological origin of abnormal distribution of regional geothermal distribution, such as formation distribution and thermal reservoir distribution, volcanic activity and heat source of hot field, and the heat control mechanism of active faults on hot fields are systematically expounded, and the deep tectonic origin of geothermal anomaly distribution, such as crust mantle velocity, is discussed. The deep structure represented by the degree structure, the electrical structure, the deep and the gravity anomaly is systematically expounded, and the dynamic mechanism of the geothermal anomaly is systematically expounded. On this basis, the comprehensive genetic mechanism model of the geothermal anomaly has been established. The innovation point of this paper is the seismic tomography based on massive earthquake events, The fine inversion of P wave, S wave velocity structure and Poisson's ratio above the depth of 40km in the study area is carried out, and the spatial distribution of the underground magma capsule in the study area is fine depicted. The fine current tectonic stress field in the study area is established by the source mechanism, and the genetic mechanism and hot field properties of the Denizli hot field are studied. Collecting the latest geothermal data in the region and combining the situation of the hot field in the Denizli basin, the characteristics and laws of the geothermal anomaly distribution in the region are clarified, and the genetic mechanism of the geothermal anomaly distribution is systematically discussed from geological causes, deep structures and tectonic stress fields, and a comprehensive genetic model of geothermal anomaly in the whole of Western Turkey has been established.
【學位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P314;P542.5
本文編號：2156111
[Abstract]:The study area is located in Western Turkey and is located in the southern margin of the Eurasian plate. Since the late Oligocene to the early Miocene, the region was in a tectonic stress field extending back to arc due to the subduction of the African plate and the Arabia plate to the north of the region, and the subduction rate of the eastern Arabia plate was faster, making the crust of the study area. The continuous stretching of the north-south direction moves westward at the same time. The continuous stretching of the crust in the study area has been thinner and thinner, making it one of the regions with the most intense crustal deformation, active faults, most frequent earthquakes and one of the most abundant geothermal resources in the world. Geothermal energy is one of the most stable and clean energy in the new energy, which has become a domestic one in recent years. The geothermal power generation has the characteristics of reliable income and huge investment. It is very important for the research of the genetic mechanism of the hot field in the region, the investment decision of the geothermal power generation, the design of the installed capacity and the risk control. This paper uses the fast wave front propulsion ray tracing method and the subspace iterative algorithm to accurately retrieve the depth of the study area. The velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle above 40km is found, and it is found that there is a low velocity body in the deep 15-50km range of the study area. Combining with the regional magnetotelluric sounding data, it is deduced that the magma capsule is not completely consolidated, and the source mechanism of the western Turkey Aegean Sea area is solved by using the method of seismic source, and the type of seismic fault in the whole region is studied. On this basis, the fine seismic source mechanism of the key hot field area is solved. It is found that the seismic faults in the study area are mainly normal faults, and the SATSI program is used to accurately retrieve the present tectonic stress field of the study area. It is found that the stress state of the Denizli Basin in the study area is not uniform under the double action of North-South stretching and east to West extrusion. First, it is the main cause of earthquake occurrence in this area. Taking the Denizli basin as an example, the geothermal model is established by using magnetotelluric method, hydrogeochemical method and isotope geochemistry method, and the thermal reservoir, cover layer, heat source, water source and hot field parameters are discussed, and the system has been collected. The geothermal data of all hot fields in the field have drawn the geothermal flow chart of the study area, the geothermal gradient map, the temperature distribution map of the spring mouth and the distribution map of the thermal storage temperature. The geothermal anomaly distribution characteristics and laws of the study area are illustrated systematically, and it is found that the highest geothermal flow in the region is found in the area of the Qula volcano, which may be a new Neogene with the deep structure. The main channel of mantle material upwelling since the Quaternary; on the basis of the above, the geological origin of abnormal distribution of regional geothermal distribution, such as formation distribution and thermal reservoir distribution, volcanic activity and heat source of hot field, and the heat control mechanism of active faults on hot fields are systematically expounded, and the deep tectonic origin of geothermal anomaly distribution, such as crust mantle velocity, is discussed. The deep structure represented by the degree structure, the electrical structure, the deep and the gravity anomaly is systematically expounded, and the dynamic mechanism of the geothermal anomaly is systematically expounded. On this basis, the comprehensive genetic mechanism model of the geothermal anomaly has been established. The innovation point of this paper is the seismic tomography based on massive earthquake events, The fine inversion of P wave, S wave velocity structure and Poisson's ratio above the depth of 40km in the study area is carried out, and the spatial distribution of the underground magma capsule in the study area is fine depicted. The fine current tectonic stress field in the study area is established by the source mechanism, and the genetic mechanism and hot field properties of the Denizli hot field are studied. Collecting the latest geothermal data in the region and combining the situation of the hot field in the Denizli basin, the characteristics and laws of the geothermal anomaly distribution in the region are clarified, and the genetic mechanism of the geothermal anomaly distribution is systematically discussed from geological causes, deep structures and tectonic stress fields, and a comprehensive genetic model of geothermal anomaly in the whole of Western Turkey has been established.
【學位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P314;P542.5
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