井間剩余油電磁探測理論和方法研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-27 18:16
【摘要】：目前,我國油氣勘探新區(qū)逐年減少,對油氣的勘探逐漸轉(zhuǎn)向老區(qū)勘探,即對老油區(qū)的剩余油進行二次開采。老油區(qū)的生產(chǎn)井中都有套管,因此研究老油區(qū)套管井井間剩余油的探測理論和探測方法具有重要的意義。本文針對油氣生產(chǎn)井的實際工作環(huán)境與特點,研究了井間剩余油電磁探測的基礎理論、方法及關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。在國家自然科學基金項目的資助下,對井間剩余油電磁探測技術(shù)進行了理論研究、建模仿真、室外實驗研究。主要研究工作如下：(1)將套管看作是線源,即利用一口井的套管作為發(fā)射線源,并對套管直接施加一定頻率的交變電流,用另外一口井的套管作為接收線源,測量接收井的感應電動勢。系統(tǒng)研究了垂直線源的場,以及發(fā)射套管施加的電流大小、頻率、地層電導率、井間距離的變化對接收套管上產(chǎn)生的感應電動勢信號的影響規(guī)律,并給出了圖形化描述。結(jié)果表明：接收套管接收到的信號隨著發(fā)射套管上施加電流的頻率的增大而減小,隨著套管間距的增大而減小,隨著地層電導率的增大而減小,隨著發(fā)射電流的增大而單調(diào)遞增。(2)在兩口套管井內(nèi)部各布置一個探頭(鐵芯纏繞一定匝數(shù)的導線),給其中一口井套管內(nèi)的探頭施加一定頻率的交變電流作為發(fā)射端,另一口套管井內(nèi)的探頭作為接收端,觀測接收探頭上產(chǎn)生的感應電流密度模。研究了發(fā)射線圈施加電流大小、頻率、地層電導率以及套管間距的變化對接收線圈上產(chǎn)生的感應電流密度的影響規(guī)律,并給出了圖形化描述。結(jié)果表明：隨著發(fā)射電流的頻率增大,接收線圈上產(chǎn)生的感應電流密度模逐漸呈遞減趨勢；隨著發(fā)射電流幅值的增大,接收線圈上產(chǎn)生的感應電流密度模呈明顯的遞增趨勢：介質(zhì)的電導率位于10S/m時,接收線圈所接收到的感應電流密度模最大；隨著井間距離的增大,接收線圈上產(chǎn)生的感應電流逐漸減小。(3)在裸眼井內(nèi)布置一根鐵心纏繞兩組線圈,一組線圈作為發(fā)射線圈,另外一組線圈作為接收線圈。給發(fā)射線圈通以一定頻率的交變電流,接收線圈接收來自發(fā)射線圈的發(fā)射電流和地層耦合之后的總電流。根據(jù)接收線圈上產(chǎn)生的感應電流密度模來分析地層的基本信息。結(jié)果表明：隨著井間距離的增大,接收線圈接收到的感應電流密度模呈現(xiàn)微弱的遞減趨勢；地層電導率變化對接收線圈上接收到的感應電流密度模沒有顯著的影響,分析原因可能是線圈距離過近導致；接收線圈接收到的感應電流密度模隨著發(fā)射線圈施加的電流呈遞增趨勢；接收線圈隨著發(fā)射線圈施加的電流頻率的變化沒有呈現(xiàn)顯著的變化趨勢。(4)基于安培定律和電磁波傳播理論,研究套管自身對點電流源的響應特性,分析了點電流源和套管距離、兩電流源距離、套管半徑對套管上電流密度的影響。結(jié)果表明：套管和點電流源距離越近,套管上的電流密度越大,且套管上電流密度最小值的位置點越接近點電流源所在處的位置；套管中電流密度最小值的位置點所在處是由點電流源所在處的位置決定的；套管半徑越小,電流密度的幅值變化就越大,其上的電流密度的幅值也越大。(5)井間有剩余油和沒有剩余油時,井間的電流密度分布規(guī)律不同,井間無剩余油時套管軸向的電流大部分都集中在套管上端部分,即套管上端部分的電流線較密；井間有剩余油時,套管軸向電流在套管上端和兩側(cè)都較密集。當井間存在剩余油時,套管間均勻選取的點的電流密度模明顯小于井間不存在剩余油時套管間均勻選取點的電流密度模。當均勻選取和套管軸向平行的點計算電流密度模值時,若套管間存在油層,即該處的電流密度模值將明顯小于其他的點。(6)試驗研究：用一口井的套管作為發(fā)射線源,另外一口井的套管作為接收線源,通過不斷的改進和總結(jié)共進行了多次大型戶外試驗,驗證了基于線源的井間剩余油電磁探測收發(fā)系統(tǒng)的可行性。最終得出結(jié)論：導線暴露在空氣中,應該給導線套上屏蔽線,以減少外界干擾；需要增加低通濾波器來獲得較大的感應信號。
[Abstract]:At present, the new area of oil and gas exploration in China is decreasing year by year, and the exploration of oil and gas is gradually turned to the old area exploration, that is, the remaining oil in the old oil area is two times. Therefore, there are casing in the production wells in the old oil area. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the exploration theory and detection methods of the remaining oil in the casing wells in the old oil area. The basic theory, method and key technology of the residual oil electromagnetic detection between wells is studied. Under the support of the National Natural Science Foundation project, the theoretical research, modeling and simulation, and outdoor experimental research are carried out on the interwell residual oil electromagnetic detection technology. The main research work is as follows: (1) the casing is regarded as a line source, that is, profit The casing of a well is used as the source of the transmission line, and the alternating current of a certain frequency is applied directly to the casing. The induction electromotive force of the receiving well is measured with the casing of another well as the source of the receiving line. The field of the vertical line source is studied systematically, the current size, the frequency, the conductivity of the formation and the distance between the wells are received. The results show that the signal received by the receiving casing decreases with the increase of the frequency of the current on the tube, decreases with the increase of the spacing of the casing, decreases with the increase of the conductivity of the formation, and increases with the increase of the electric current. (2) a probe is arranged inside the two casing wells (a conductor winding a certain number of turns), and an alternating current of a certain frequency is applied to the probe in the casing of one of the wells as the launching end, and the probe in the other casing well is used as the receiving end to observe the induction current density mode produced on the receiver probe. The influence of current size, frequency, formation conductivity and the variation of the spacing of the casing on the induced current density on the receiving coil is described and a graphical description is given. The results show that the induced current density mode on the receiving coil gradually decreases with the increase of the frequency of the transmitting current; with the amplitude of the emission current, the amplitude of the current is gradually reduced. When the conductivity of the medium is located at 10S/m, the induced current density mode received by the receiving coil is maximum. With the increase of the distance between wells, the induction current produced on the receiving coil decreases gradually. (3) a core is arranged in two groups in the naked hole well. A coil, a set of coils as a transmitting coil and another group of coils as the receiving coils. The alternating current of a certain frequency is passed to the transmitting coil, the receiving coil receives the transmitting current from the transmitting coil and the total current after the formation coupling. The basic information of the formation is analyzed according to the induced current density mode produced on the receiving coil. It is shown that with the increase of interwell distance, the induced current density mode received by the receiving coil presents a weak decreasing trend, and the change of the conductivity of the formation has no significant influence on the induced current density modes received on the receiving coil, and the analysis may be caused by the close proximity of the coil distance; the induced current density mode received by the receiving coil. With the increasing trend of the current applied by the transmitting coil, the change of the current frequency of the receiving coil does not show a significant change. (4) based on the Ampere law and the theory of electromagnetic wave propagation, the response characteristics of the casing to the point current source are studied, the point current source and the distance of the casing, the distance of the two current source, and the sleeve are analyzed. The effect of the tube radius on the current density on the casing shows that the closer the distance between the casing and the point current source is, the greater the current density is on the casing, and the position point of the minimum current density on the casing is closer to the position of the point current source; the location of the minimum current density in the casing is where the point current source is located. It is decided that the smaller the radius of the casing, the larger the amplitude of the current density is, the greater the amplitude of the current density. (5) when there is residual oil and no remaining oil in the well, the distribution of current density in the well is different. When there is no remaining oil, most of the axial current of the casing is concentrated in the upper part of the casing, that is, the upper part of the casing. When there is residual oil in the well, the axial current of the casing is denser on the upper end and both sides of the casing. When there is residual oil in the well, the current density mode of the point which is evenly selected between the casing is obviously smaller than that of the uniform selection point between the casing when there is no remaining oil between the wells. When the current density modulus is, if there is an oil layer between the casing, the current density mode value of the area will be obviously smaller than that of other points. (6) experimental study: the casing of one well is used as the source of the transmission line, the casing of the other well is used as the source of the receiving line, and many large outdoor tests have been carried out through continuous improvement and summary, and the line source is verified. The feasibility of the electromagnetic detection and receiving system of residual oil between wells is feasible. Finally, it is concluded that the wire should be exposed to the air and the wire should be shielded to reduce the external interference; the low pass filter should be added to obtain the larger induction signal.
【學位授予單位】：昆明理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P631.325;TE327
本文編號：2148733
[Abstract]:At present, the new area of oil and gas exploration in China is decreasing year by year, and the exploration of oil and gas is gradually turned to the old area exploration, that is, the remaining oil in the old oil area is two times. Therefore, there are casing in the production wells in the old oil area. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the exploration theory and detection methods of the remaining oil in the casing wells in the old oil area. The basic theory, method and key technology of the residual oil electromagnetic detection between wells is studied. Under the support of the National Natural Science Foundation project, the theoretical research, modeling and simulation, and outdoor experimental research are carried out on the interwell residual oil electromagnetic detection technology. The main research work is as follows: (1) the casing is regarded as a line source, that is, profit The casing of a well is used as the source of the transmission line, and the alternating current of a certain frequency is applied directly to the casing. The induction electromotive force of the receiving well is measured with the casing of another well as the source of the receiving line. The field of the vertical line source is studied systematically, the current size, the frequency, the conductivity of the formation and the distance between the wells are received. The results show that the signal received by the receiving casing decreases with the increase of the frequency of the current on the tube, decreases with the increase of the spacing of the casing, decreases with the increase of the conductivity of the formation, and increases with the increase of the electric current. (2) a probe is arranged inside the two casing wells (a conductor winding a certain number of turns), and an alternating current of a certain frequency is applied to the probe in the casing of one of the wells as the launching end, and the probe in the other casing well is used as the receiving end to observe the induction current density mode produced on the receiver probe. The influence of current size, frequency, formation conductivity and the variation of the spacing of the casing on the induced current density on the receiving coil is described and a graphical description is given. The results show that the induced current density mode on the receiving coil gradually decreases with the increase of the frequency of the transmitting current; with the amplitude of the emission current, the amplitude of the current is gradually reduced. When the conductivity of the medium is located at 10S/m, the induced current density mode received by the receiving coil is maximum. With the increase of the distance between wells, the induction current produced on the receiving coil decreases gradually. (3) a core is arranged in two groups in the naked hole well. A coil, a set of coils as a transmitting coil and another group of coils as the receiving coils. The alternating current of a certain frequency is passed to the transmitting coil, the receiving coil receives the transmitting current from the transmitting coil and the total current after the formation coupling. The basic information of the formation is analyzed according to the induced current density mode produced on the receiving coil. It is shown that with the increase of interwell distance, the induced current density mode received by the receiving coil presents a weak decreasing trend, and the change of the conductivity of the formation has no significant influence on the induced current density modes received on the receiving coil, and the analysis may be caused by the close proximity of the coil distance; the induced current density mode received by the receiving coil. With the increasing trend of the current applied by the transmitting coil, the change of the current frequency of the receiving coil does not show a significant change. (4) based on the Ampere law and the theory of electromagnetic wave propagation, the response characteristics of the casing to the point current source are studied, the point current source and the distance of the casing, the distance of the two current source, and the sleeve are analyzed. The effect of the tube radius on the current density on the casing shows that the closer the distance between the casing and the point current source is, the greater the current density is on the casing, and the position point of the minimum current density on the casing is closer to the position of the point current source; the location of the minimum current density in the casing is where the point current source is located. It is decided that the smaller the radius of the casing, the larger the amplitude of the current density is, the greater the amplitude of the current density. (5) when there is residual oil and no remaining oil in the well, the distribution of current density in the well is different. When there is no remaining oil, most of the axial current of the casing is concentrated in the upper part of the casing, that is, the upper part of the casing. When there is residual oil in the well, the axial current of the casing is denser on the upper end and both sides of the casing. When there is residual oil in the well, the current density mode of the point which is evenly selected between the casing is obviously smaller than that of the uniform selection point between the casing when there is no remaining oil between the wells. When the current density modulus is, if there is an oil layer between the casing, the current density mode value of the area will be obviously smaller than that of other points. (6) experimental study: the casing of one well is used as the source of the transmission line, the casing of the other well is used as the source of the receiving line, and many large outdoor tests have been carried out through continuous improvement and summary, and the line source is verified. The feasibility of the electromagnetic detection and receiving system of residual oil between wells is feasible. Finally, it is concluded that the wire should be exposed to the air and the wire should be shielded to reduce the external interference; the low pass filter should be added to obtain the larger induction signal.
【學位授予單位】：昆明理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P631.325;TE327
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