基于透明土的采掘潰砂流動(dòng)形態(tài)試驗(yàn)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-20 12:44
【摘要】：突水潰砂作為一種地質(zhì)災(zāi)害,嚴(yán)重威脅著諸如采礦、隧道開(kāi)挖等地下工程的施工及生產(chǎn)安全。為了研究在潰砂過(guò)程中砂體的流動(dòng)形態(tài)變化規(guī)律,本文利用透明土試驗(yàn)技術(shù)原理,采用熔融石英砂和礦物油配制出性質(zhì)與天然砂體近似的透明土試樣。根據(jù)采掘潰砂的地質(zhì)特征,對(duì)地質(zhì)條件進(jìn)行了綜合簡(jiǎn)化,并依此設(shè)計(jì)制作了透明土潰砂試驗(yàn)系統(tǒng),獲取了不同試驗(yàn)條件下潰砂過(guò)程中的砂流內(nèi)部的激光散斑圖像。采用數(shù)字圖像處理技術(shù)中的圖像相關(guān)法原理,利用自行編寫的軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)砂體內(nèi)部運(yùn)動(dòng)情況的分析。據(jù)此,對(duì)潰砂發(fā)生過(guò)程、階段特點(diǎn)以及潰砂流動(dòng)形態(tài)進(jìn)行了研究,并分析了砂顆粒粒徑、潰砂口寬度、水頭高度等三個(gè)因素對(duì)潰砂流動(dòng)的影響。同時(shí),結(jié)合不同地質(zhì)條件,對(duì)潰砂砂體積總量進(jìn)行了計(jì)算。本文獲得的主要成果有:(1)根據(jù)試驗(yàn)觀測(cè)了潰砂發(fā)生的基本過(guò)程,在潰砂開(kāi)始后,砂體最初僅在潰砂孔口位置附近區(qū)域發(fā)生流動(dòng),但發(fā)展速度迅速。很快就形成了類似柱狀的流動(dòng)區(qū)域即柱狀流動(dòng)區(qū)域,并在柱狀流動(dòng)區(qū)域頂部產(chǎn)生凹陷,開(kāi)始形成漏斗。受漏斗影響而發(fā)生運(yùn)動(dòng)的范圍即漏斗狀區(qū)域。伴隨著潰砂的發(fā)展,柱狀流動(dòng)區(qū)域高度不斷下降,漏斗狀區(qū)域不斷擴(kuò)大。柱狀流動(dòng)區(qū)域消失后,漏斗狀區(qū)域在維持一段時(shí)間的擴(kuò)展后,達(dá)到極限而停止時(shí),砂體隨之趨于穩(wěn)定,潰砂結(jié)束。依據(jù)潰砂發(fā)展過(guò)程中速度和流量隨時(shí)間的變化規(guī)律,潰砂發(fā)生過(guò)程可以劃分成四個(gè)階段:啟動(dòng)階段、穩(wěn)定階段、失穩(wěn)階段、結(jié)束階段。(2)試驗(yàn)表明,潰砂砂體內(nèi)部存在著兩種不同類型的的流動(dòng)形式,即柱狀流動(dòng)區(qū)域的流動(dòng)形式和漏斗狀區(qū)域的流動(dòng)形式。柱狀流動(dòng)區(qū)域的流動(dòng)形式的特點(diǎn)表現(xiàn)為主要發(fā)生垂向的運(yùn)動(dòng),速度方向垂直向下,其速度場(chǎng)分布近似相切于一點(diǎn)不斷擴(kuò)展的系列橢圓,越往潰砂孔靠近速度越大。漏斗狀區(qū)域的流動(dòng)形式呈現(xiàn)層狀的速度分布特點(diǎn),表層移動(dòng)速度大,往砂體內(nèi)部逐步減小直至停止,速度方向沿漏斗坡面向下,影響范圍分布在漏斗兩側(cè)砂體坡面表層。對(duì)柱狀流動(dòng)區(qū)域的流動(dòng)形式進(jìn)行了描述,通過(guò)分析擬合獲得了柱狀區(qū)域的流動(dòng)速度表達(dá)式。試驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)潰砂流動(dòng)形態(tài)存在兩種模式,即:“坡面均勻下降潰砂模式”和“坡面非均勻下降潰砂模式”。(3)試驗(yàn)表明,潰砂流速、流量等會(huì)受到顆粒粒徑大小、潰砂口裂隙寬度和水頭高度等因素的影響。隨著顆粒粒徑、潰砂口裂隙寬度和水頭高度的增大,流速和流量會(huì)變大,啟動(dòng)速度加快。其中顆粒粒徑、潰砂口裂隙寬度的增大,會(huì)引起柱狀流動(dòng)區(qū)域的變寬。三者均對(duì)潰砂流動(dòng)模式有較大影響,一般顆粒越細(xì)、潰砂口裂隙寬度越寬、水頭高度越高的情況下,越容易發(fā)生坡面非均勻下降潰砂模式。(4)分析了影響潰砂體積的因素,研究了不同條件下潰砂體積計(jì)算的方法。潰砂砂體積總量與砂層上方是否存在覆蓋層有很大關(guān)系。計(jì)算可知無(wú)覆蓋層條件下潰砂砂體積總量大于有覆蓋層的條件下發(fā)生坡面非均勻下降潰砂模式的潰砂砂體積總量,而坡面均勻下降潰砂模式的潰砂砂體積量在三種情況中最小。
[Abstract]:As a geological hazard, water inrush and sand burst is a serious threat to the construction and production safety of underground engineering such as mining, tunnel excavation and so on. In order to study the flow pattern change law of sand body during the process of sand break, this paper uses the principle of transparent soil test technology to make up the approximate transparency of the nature and the natural sand body by using the fused silica sand and mineral oil. According to the geological characteristics of the excavation of sand, the geological conditions were simplified, and a transparent sand test system was designed and made. The laser speckle image inside the sand flow in the process of sand break under different test conditions was obtained. The principle of image correlation method in digital image processing technology was used to make use of the software of self writing. According to the analysis of the internal movement of sand body, the process of sand break, the stage characteristics and the flow pattern of sand break are studied, and the effects of three factors such as sand particle size, the width of the sand break and the height of the water head on the flow of sand break are analyzed. The main achievements obtained in this paper are as follows: (1) the basic process of sand break was observed by experiments. After the sand break began, the sand body began to flow only in the vicinity of the hole of the sand break, but the speed of development was rapid. The column like flow area was formed quickly, and a depression was produced at the top of the column like flow area. As the funnel is affected by the funnel, the scope of the movement is the funnel area. With the development of sand break, the height of the columnar flow area continues to decline and the funnel like area expands continuously. After the column flow area is disappearing, the sand body tends to stabilize and sands when the funnel like region extends for a period of time and reaches the limit. The process of sand break can be divided into four stages: starting stage, stable stage, instability stage and end stage. (2) tests show that there are two different types of flow forms inside the sand broken sand body, that is, the flow form and funnel of the column flow area. The flow form of a columnar region. The flow form of the column shaped flow area is characterized by the main vertical movement. The velocity direction is vertical downward. The velocity distribution is similar to a series of ellipses that continue to expand at a point. The closer to the velocity of the sand hole, the flow form in the funnel shaped region presents a stratiform velocity distribution characteristic. The moving velocity of the layer is large and gradually decreases to the inside of the sand body to stop, the velocity direction is down along the funnel slope, and the influence range is distributed on the surface surface of the sand body on both sides of the funnel. The flow form of the column like flow area is described. The flow velocity expression of the columnar region is obtained by the analysis and fitting. The test finds that the flow pattern of the sand break exists. The two models, namely, "a uniform decline in the sand break mode of the slope" and "the non uniform declines in the sand break mode". (3) the experiment shows that the flow rate and flow rate of the sand break are affected by the particle size, the crack width and the head height of the sand break. With the particle size, the width of the crack and the height of the head, the flow rate and the flow rate The size of particle size and the widening of the crack width of the sand break will cause the widening of the column like flow area. The three all have great influence on the flow pattern of sand break. The finer the general particles are, the wider the crack width is, the higher the height of the head is, the more easily the model of the sloping surface decreases. (4) analysis of the model. The factors affecting the volume of sand break are studied. The calculation method of sand crushing volume under different conditions is studied. The volume of sand crushing sand is closely related to the existence of the covering layer above the sand layer. The calculation shows that the volume of sand sand under the condition of uncovered layer is larger than that of the overburden layer. The total volume of sand and sand in uniform slope descending mode is the smallest in three cases.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P694
本文編號(hào)：2133553
[Abstract]:As a geological hazard, water inrush and sand burst is a serious threat to the construction and production safety of underground engineering such as mining, tunnel excavation and so on. In order to study the flow pattern change law of sand body during the process of sand break, this paper uses the principle of transparent soil test technology to make up the approximate transparency of the nature and the natural sand body by using the fused silica sand and mineral oil. According to the geological characteristics of the excavation of sand, the geological conditions were simplified, and a transparent sand test system was designed and made. The laser speckle image inside the sand flow in the process of sand break under different test conditions was obtained. The principle of image correlation method in digital image processing technology was used to make use of the software of self writing. According to the analysis of the internal movement of sand body, the process of sand break, the stage characteristics and the flow pattern of sand break are studied, and the effects of three factors such as sand particle size, the width of the sand break and the height of the water head on the flow of sand break are analyzed. The main achievements obtained in this paper are as follows: (1) the basic process of sand break was observed by experiments. After the sand break began, the sand body began to flow only in the vicinity of the hole of the sand break, but the speed of development was rapid. The column like flow area was formed quickly, and a depression was produced at the top of the column like flow area. As the funnel is affected by the funnel, the scope of the movement is the funnel area. With the development of sand break, the height of the columnar flow area continues to decline and the funnel like area expands continuously. After the column flow area is disappearing, the sand body tends to stabilize and sands when the funnel like region extends for a period of time and reaches the limit. The process of sand break can be divided into four stages: starting stage, stable stage, instability stage and end stage. (2) tests show that there are two different types of flow forms inside the sand broken sand body, that is, the flow form and funnel of the column flow area. The flow form of a columnar region. The flow form of the column shaped flow area is characterized by the main vertical movement. The velocity direction is vertical downward. The velocity distribution is similar to a series of ellipses that continue to expand at a point. The closer to the velocity of the sand hole, the flow form in the funnel shaped region presents a stratiform velocity distribution characteristic. The moving velocity of the layer is large and gradually decreases to the inside of the sand body to stop, the velocity direction is down along the funnel slope, and the influence range is distributed on the surface surface of the sand body on both sides of the funnel. The flow form of the column like flow area is described. The flow velocity expression of the columnar region is obtained by the analysis and fitting. The test finds that the flow pattern of the sand break exists. The two models, namely, "a uniform decline in the sand break mode of the slope" and "the non uniform declines in the sand break mode". (3) the experiment shows that the flow rate and flow rate of the sand break are affected by the particle size, the crack width and the head height of the sand break. With the particle size, the width of the crack and the height of the head, the flow rate and the flow rate The size of particle size and the widening of the crack width of the sand break will cause the widening of the column like flow area. The three all have great influence on the flow pattern of sand break. The finer the general particles are, the wider the crack width is, the higher the height of the head is, the more easily the model of the sloping surface decreases. (4) analysis of the model. The factors affecting the volume of sand break are studied. The calculation method of sand crushing volume under different conditions is studied. The volume of sand crushing sand is closely related to the existence of the covering layer above the sand layer. The calculation shows that the volume of sand sand under the condition of uncovered layer is larger than that of the overburden layer. The total volume of sand and sand in uniform slope descending mode is the smallest in three cases.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P694
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